Phylogenetic disorders of skeletal system

KYPHOSIS
Abnormal rounding of the spine that occurs in the upper and middle part of the back

Causes of KYPOSIS
Poor posture
Present at birth
Run families or genetics

RICKETS
Bone-softening disease that causes severe bowing of the legs, poor growth, and sometimes muscle pain and weakness

Causes of RICKETS
Lack of Vitamin D
Not enough calcium in one’s diet
kidney and liver diseases

ARTHRITIS
Inflammation, swelling, redness of a joint

Causes of ARTHRITIS
cartilage is wearing away
lack of Synovial fluid
infection

OSTEOPOROSIS
Bone tissue becomes brittle, thin, and spongy

Causes of OSTEOPOROSIS
Hereditary
Gender
Ethnicity
History of broken bones
Low body weight

BONE TUMOR
Abnormal growth of cells within the bone that may be noncancerous or cancerous

Causes of BONE TUMOR
Hereditary
Radiation
Trauma

SCOLIOSIS
Causes the spine to curve to the left or right side

Causes of SCOLIOSIS
Present at birth
Hereditary

SPRAINS
An injury that happens when the ligaments get overly stretched or torn

FRACTURES

Fractures commonly occur when a person has fallen, an object has been dropped on them, or the bone has been twisted

Compound Fracture
A fracture in which broken bone fragments lacerate (rip, cut, tear) soft tissue and protrude through an open wound in the skin

Compound Fracture
Need immediate treatment (because skin is broken)
High risk of infection
An operation is often required to clean the area of the fracture and realign the bone

Compound Fracture
Typically caused by high energy injuries such as car crashes, falls, or sport injuries

Compound Fracture (cont.)

Simple Fracture
A bone that has broken into two pieces, and has not broken through the skin

Greenstick Fracture
Is a fracture in a young, soft bone in which the bone bends and partially breaks (cracks)

Greenstick Fracture
Is a type of an incomplete fracture
Doesn’t displace the bone
Often occurs during infancy and childhood when the bones are soft

Greenstick Fracture
Is a result of bending forces (falls)
Could be a result of non-accidental injury (blow on the forearm or shin)

Comminuted Fracture
Defined as a bone that has been shattered, splintered, or crushed into more than two pieces

Comminuted Fracture
Occurs when there has been some kind of crushing force on the bone and can happen anywhere along the bone
It mostly occurs in elderly people or people who already have a bone weakening condition