Edward I Longshanks, the Hammer of the Scots

Main Dates
1254 – marriage with Eleanor of Castile;
August 1265 - the Battle of Evesham;
1270 – joined the Eighth Crusade;
16 November 1272 – death of Henry III, beginning of Edward I reign;
19 August 1274 – coronation;
1277 – invasion in Wales, defeat of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Treaty of Aberconwy;
1282 - rebellion by Llywelyn's brother Dafydd;
11 December 1282 - Battle of Orewin Bridge, defeat for the Welsh, end for the independence of Wales.

The Great Cause, Competitors for the Crown of Scotland
Autumn 1290 – death of Margaret, the Maid of Norway;
17 November 1292 - John Balliol chosen as an heir;
1295 – Alliance between Scotland and France
1296 –Battle of Dunbar, Edward`s successful invasion in Scotland, William Wallace`s death;
Results:
Edward confiscated the Stone of Destiny (the Scottish coronation stone), brought it to Westminster placing it in what became known as King Edward's Chair;
He installed Englishmen to govern the country.

Return to Scotland
25 March 1306 – Robert the Bruce crowned as King of Scotland;
16 June 1306 – The Battle of Methven, English victory;
May 1307 - The Battle of Loudoun Hill, Scottish victory;
7 July 1307 - Edward I`s death.
Robert I, King of Scots

Domestic Policy
1290 – Edict of Jew Expulsion;
First real Parliament:
First appearance of House of Commons;
Mixture of “gentry” (knights, freemen);
Provided money for the Crown;
Representatives from each shire;
Became necessary for the making of all statues, all special taxes.