Passive Voice

Passive Voice
Somebody cleans every day.
(active)
is cleaned every day.
(passive)
this room
object
This room
subject

We use passive forms when
a) we don`t know WHO did it
The window was broken an hour ago.
b) we are interested in WHAT happens, not WHO it is done by
His watch was stolen in the street.
с) the situation is rather formal
Smoking is not allowed.

Passive Voice
to be – изменяемая часть (ставится в соответствующую временную форму);
Vз – неизменяемая часть (глагол с окончанием -ed у правильных глаголов и 3-я форма у неправильных!!!)
to be +Vз

Present Simple – am, is, are
Present Continuous – am/is/are being
Present Perfect – have/has been
Past Simple – was, were
Past Continuous – was/were being
Past Perfect – had been
Future Simple – will be
With modals – can be, must be, should be, could be, would be
Let’s review the forms of the verb to be

В качестве смыслового глагола (V) в пассивном залоге могут использоваться только переходные глаголы (те, которые могут иметь при себе дополнение!) e.g. take, give, put, buy, say, build, cut, bring, discuss, arrest, write, invent, discover, eat, cook, send, do, collect, draw, etc.
Они будут употребляться в 3-й форме (Vз)!
e.g. taken, given, put, bought, said, built, cut, brought, discussed, arrested, written, invented, discovered, eaten, cooked, sent, done, collected, drawn, etc.

There are 8 Passive forms in English

С модальными глаголами пассивная форма выглядит так (глагол to be стоит в инфинитиве без частицы to)!
Can be done – может быть сделано
Could be sent – могло бы быть отправлено
Must be cooked – должно быть приготовлено
Should be written – должно быть написано
Would be invited – могли бы быть приглашены

What tense form is it?
e.g. are sent – Present Simple Passive
is read
are sent
was written
were given
have been cut
had been painted
will be cleaned
has been bought
is being built
are being written
was being done
were being cleaned
will have been bought
can be written
must be sent
should be discussed

Active or Passive?
1. They were informed by the police._______
2. It was a stormy night._________________
3. You were listening to music.____________
4. She was given a new pencil case.________
5. We are great parents. ________________
6. The cat was chased by the dog._________
7. I was taken to hospital._______________
8. There was an accident yesterday._______
9. My father was driving a red car. ________
10. Many posters have been sold.__________

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive form
Usually shampoo __________ (test) on animals before it ___________ (sell) in shops.
This house __________ (build) in the XIX century.
Two missing children _____________ (find) safe and sound recently.
A new bridge ____________ (construct) next year.
“Cats ____________ (show) in many countries of the world.

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The Key
Usually shampoo is tested (test) on animals before it is sold (sell) in shops.
This house was built (build) in the XIX century.
Two missing children have been found (find) safe and sound recently.
A new bridge will be constructed (construct) next year.
“Cats” has been shown (show) in many countries of the world.

Предлоги by и with часто употребляются в Passive Voice для выражения
творительного падежа!
by + a person (persons) – выражает кем выполняется действие (одушевленное существительное!)
This house was built by my grandfather.
The play will be seen by many people.
with + instrument/material/ingredient – выражает чем выполняется действие (неодушевленное существительное!)
Food in Japan is eaten with chopsticks.
This salad is made with boiled chicken.

Choose the right preposition
1. Fish is cut … a special knife.
2. What do we usually dig … ?
3. These poems are written … A. Pushkin.
4. The big tree was cut down … Jim.
5. The bridge was built … five workers.
6. Who is the portrait painted …?
7. Women`s dresses are sewed … dressmakers.

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Active → Passive
Volunteers deliver food to elderly people every day. (active)
1. Найдите дополнение в предложении в активном залоге (food) и поставьте его на место подлежащего в пассивном предложении.
2. Определите время сказуемого в активном залоге (deliver - Present Simple) и поставьте глагол to be в это же время (is)
3. Поставьте смысловой глагол (deliver) в 3 форму (это правильный глагол , значит delivered)
Food is delivered to elderly people (by volunteers) every day. (passive)

Practice: Active Passive
The police arrested the suspect late last night.
______________________________________
They found him after an intensive search.
_____________________________________
Two detectives questioned him and charged him with murder.
______________________________________
They will take him to court later today.
______________________________________

THE KEY
The police arrested the suspect late last night.
The suspect was arrested late last night.
They found him after an intensive search.
He was found after an intensive search.
Two detectives questioned him and charged him with murder.
He was questioned and charged with murder by two detectives.
They will take him to court later today.
He will be taken to court later today.
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Some verbs can have two objects
We gave the police the information. object 1 object 2
So it is possible to make two passive sentences:
The police were given the information.
The information was given to the police.
Other verbs which can have two objects are:
ask offer pay refuse
send show teach tell

Task No.1
Open the brackets & translate the sentences
The roads (cover) with the snow.
Chocolate (make) from cocoa.
The Pyramids (build) in Egypt.
This coat (buy) four years ago.
The stadium (open) next month.
Your parents (invite) to a meeting.
Where is your car? – It (repair) at the moment.
The books already (pack).
The castle can (see) from a long distance.
The guests must (meet) at noon.

Task No.2
Put the sentences in the Passive Voice
1. My mum bought a cake yesterday.
2. He has painted the fence.
3. The police arrested the thieves.
4. My sister invited some friends.
5. She sent the parcel yesterday.
6. John received the money last week.
7. They serve dinner at seven.
8. The girl will tell the truth tomorrow.