The Day of Science

Science makes life easier for humans everywhere on the planet.
Every piece of technology we use everyday is a product of science.
The word «science» comes from the Latin word «scientia», which means «knowledge».

Science covers the broad field of knowledge that deals with observed facts and the relationships among those facts. Scientists study a wide variety of subjects. Science has enormous influence on our lives. It provides the basis of much of modern technology - the tools, materials, techniques, and sources of power that make our lives and work easier.

The Senate approved of the project of Peter the Great to establish an Academy of Sciences and Arts in St. Petersburg. The Senate decree of February 8 (January 28 old style), 1724 established The Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences. A separate organization, called the Russian Academy, was created in 1783 to work on the study of the Russian language presided over by Princess Ekaterina Dashkova. In 1999 this day became a holiday for scientists.
The Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
The creation of the Academy of Sciences is directly connected with Peter the Great’s reformer activities aimed at strengthening the state, its economic and political independence. Peter the Great understood the importance of scientific thought, education and culture for the prosperity of the country. Senate By founding the Academy, Peter the Great understood that “it was impossible for that matter to follow a pattern adopted in other states”, and then, “such a construction is to be made that not only the state’s glory because of sciences multiplication may spread, but also benefit for the people by means of education and using sciences may be gained in future”. And these goals set by Peter the Great were achieved.
Peter I the Great
or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov was the emperor of Russia...

Scientists investigate the laws of the universe, discover the secrets of nature, and apply their knowledge in practice improving the life of people. The creation of the Academy of Sciences is directly connected with Peter the Great’s reformer activities aimed at strengthening the state, its economic and political independence. Peter the Great understood the importance of scientific thought, education and culture for the prosperity of the country.

Senate by founding the Academy, Peter the Great understood that “it was impossible for that matter to follow a pattern adopted in other states”, and then, “such a construction is to be made that not only the state’s glory because of sciences multiplication may spread, but also benefit for the people by means of education and using sciences may be gained in future”. And these goals set by Peter the Great were achieved.

“Science is always wrong. It never solves a problem without creating ten more.” George Bernard Shaw

SCIENTISTS AND THEIR INVENTIONS
The scientist is not a person who gives the right answers, he's one who asks the right questions. ~Claude Lévi-Strauss, Le Cru et le cuit, 1964

WHAT ARE THEY FAMOUS FOR?
Macintosh, Charles
Colt, Samuel
Samuel Morse
Korolyov S.P.
Charles Rolls
Henry Royce
Lomonosov M.V.

THEY ARE FAMOUS FOR...
Macintosh, Charles
Colt, Samuel
Samuel Morse
Korolyov S.P.
Charles Rolls
Henry Royce
Lomonosov M.V.

1. Samuel Colt designed and patented a pistol.
2. Charles Makintosh developed a rubber solution that was used in raincoat production.
3. Samuel Finley Morse invented the telegraphic dot-and-dash alphabet.
4. Charles Rolls and Henry Royce created the world famous Rolls-Royce car.
5. S.P.Korolyov was a founder of practical cosmonautics. He was the chief constructor of the first Earth sputniks and spaceships.
6. M.Lomonosov is the father of the Russian sciences and outstanding poet the founder of Russian literature. He wrote a first scientific grammar of Russian language. Lomonosov was a founder of the first Russian University. This University is named after Lomonosov.

Michael Faraday
1791
Was an English chemist and physicist (or natural philosopher, in the terminology of the time) who contributed to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.

Early Years
Faraday was born in Newington Butts,now part of the London Borough of Southwark; but then a suburban part of Surrey, one mile south of London Bridge. His family was not well off. His father, James Faraday, moved his wife and two children to London during the winter of 1790–91 from Outhgill in Westmorland, where he had been an apprentice to the village blacksmith. Michael was born the autumn of that year. The young Michael Faraday, the third of four children, having only the most basic of school educations, had to largely educate himself.

Scientific Achievements
Faraday's earliest chemical work was as an assistant to Humphry Davy. He succeeded in liquefying several gases; he investigated the alloys of steel, and produced several new kinds of glass intended for optical purposes. A specimen of one of these heavy glasses afterwards became historically important as the substance in which Faraday detected the rotation of the plane of polarisation of light when the glass was placed in a magnetic field, and also as the substance that was first repelled by the poles of the magnet.

Electricity and Magnetism
Faraday is best known for his work with electricity and magnetism. His first recorded experiment was the construction of a voltaic pile with seven halfpence pieces, stacked together with seven disks of sheet zinc, and six pieces of paper moistened with salt water. With this pile he decomposed sulphate of magnesia (first letter to Abbott, 12 July 1812).

Faraday felt sure that a current could be produced in this way, but he too was at first totally unable to generate an electric current with his magnets. He placed wires near magnets in different ways. He made coils of wire and put them round magnets. He arranged the wires and magnets in every possible way and did not stop trying to get an electric current. At last he got a bright idea: he would move the magnet near wire. And then he got what he wanted: an electric current in the wire! He was already 40 years old at the time, but his age did not stop him from dancing with delight on a table!

Streets named for Faraday can be found in many British cities( Swindon, Basingstoke, Nottingham, Whitby, Newbury ) as well as in France (Paris) the USA (Reston, VA)
M.Faraday saw that electricity could be made by a machine. This was the beginning of all the great machines that make our electricity today.
From 1991 until 2001, Faraday’s picture featured on the reverse of Series E £20 banknotes issued by the Bank of England.
The monument to M.Faraday in London

'It's not science fiction — it's even cooler'
The universe is full of magical things patiently waiting for our wits to grow sharper. Eden Phillpotts, A Shadow Passes

If you want, you can do the quiz on science and technology:

Inventors
Choose the right answer out of the three given a, b, c.
1. Who invented the first telephone in 1876?
a) Alexander Popov b) Graham Bell c) Albert Einstein
2. Who invented the first multiple telegraph?
a) Alexander Bell b) Alexander Popov c) Albert Einstein
3. Who developed the first personal stereo – Sony Walkman?
a) Karl Benz b) Orville Wright c) Akito Morita
4. Who built the first vacuum cleaner?
a) James M. Spangler b) Akito Morita c) Alexander Bell
5. Who invented the first mechanical programmable computer?
a) Charles Babbage b) Alexander Popov c) Bill Gates

6. Who invented the first electronic programmable computer?
a) H.L.Hazen b) John William Mauchly c) Nikolai Lobachevsky
7. Who invented the first incandescent lamp?
а) Alexander Bell b) Alexander Popov с) Thomas Edison
8. Who invented the first radio?
a) Alexander Bell b) Alexander Popov с) Thomas Edison
9. Who created the world’s first car assembly line?
a) Henry Ford b) Akito Morita c) Bill Gates
10. Who made the table of chemical elements?
a) Alexander Popov b) Dmitry Mendeleev c) Ivan Pavlov

11. Who made the vaccines against cholera?
a) Louis Pasteur b) John Logie Baird c) Marie Curie
12. Who invented the diesel engine?
a) Alexander Bell b) Rudolf Engine c) Michael Faraday
13. Who created Microsoft-DOS?
a) Thomas Edison b) John Logie Baird c) Bill Gates
14. Who invented the first paper?
a) Ivan Pavlov b) Isaac Newton c) Ts’ai Lun
15. Who discovered gravity?
a) Isaac Newton b) Mendeleev c) Ivan Pavlov

16. Who invented electricity?
a) Michael Faraday b) Alexander Bell c) Isaac Newton
17. Who invented theory of relativity?
a) Ivan Pavlov b) Albert Einstein c) Karl Benz
18. Who produced the first petrol-driven motor car?
a) Karl Benz b) Akito Morita c) Bill Gates
19. Who was Albert Einstein?
a) chemist b) physicist c) biologist
20. What country did Nicolas Copernic come from?
a) Italy b) Poland c) Greece