The New Model Army

The earliest use of the phrase "New Model Army“ is dated to the works of the Scottish historian Thomas Carlyle in 1845, and the exact term does not appear in 17th or 18th century documents
Records from February 1646 refer to the "New Modelled Army"—the idiom to refer to an army that was "new-modelled“
The origin of the name

Parliamentarians were dissatisfied with their troops during the Civil war:
Their soldiers were highly undisciplined
They were recruited and they did not want to fight far from their homes
Despite the fact that Parliamentarians had advantage over Royalists, they were losing
Foundation

On 19 November 1644, the Parliamentarian Eastern Association of counties announced that they could no longer maintain their forces, which at the time provided about half the force of the Parliament.
Parliament had a hard task – to reform the Army, but on 6 January 1645, the New Model Army was established

Sir Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Lord Fairfax of Cameron - Captain-General
led Parliament to many victories, notably the crucial Battle of Naseby
later became on opponent of Oliver Cromwell and had to resign after his refusal to take part in Charles's show trial
took an active role in the Restoration of the monarchy after Cromwell's death
Commanders

Sir Philip Skippon - Sergeant-Major General of the Foot
led the centre at the Battle of Naseby, at which he refused to leave the field despite being dangerously wounded
At the end of the war was selected for the command of the forthcoming Irish expedition

Prince Rupert of the Rhine, the leader of cavaliers and a prominent general in the army of King Charles I, nicknamed the New Model troops "Ironsides". This referred to their ability to cut through opposing forces.
They were also sometimes called “Roundheads” because of their hairstyles
Cavaliers and Ironsides

The New Model Army consisted on paper of 22,000 soldiers, comprising eleven regiments of cavalry each of 600 men for a total of 6,600, twelve regiments of infantry (пехота) each of 1,200 men for a total of 14,400, and one regiment of 1,000 dragoons (драгунские полки).
What did the New Model Army consist from?

was intended as an army liable for service anywhere in the country
its soldiers became full-time professionals and even were paid 8 pence (for infantry) and 2 shillings (for cavalry)
the army's leaders were prohibited from having seats in either the House of Lords or House of Commons
Important features of the New Army

was raised partly from among veteran soldiers who already had deeply held Puritan views
their independence from Parliament led to the Army's willingness to contribute to the overthrow of both the Crown and Parliament's authority, and to establish a Commonwealth of England from 1649 to 1660. The leader of this period was Oliver Cromwell
the internal discipline was based on soldiers’ religious beliefs

Regiments of cavalry were elite troops
They were armed and equipped in the style known at the time as harquebusiers:
a buff leather coat, which itself gave some protection against sword cuts
a "lobster-tailed pot" helmet with a movable three-barred visor
Dress of cavalry

Dragoons were mounted infantry, and wore much the same uniform as musketeers
were armed with flintlock "snaphaunces" rather than the matchlock muskets carried by the infantry.
Dress and equipment of dragoons

In infantry musketeers and pikemen were mixed
The regiments of foot were provided with red coats. Red was chosen because Venetian red was the least expensive dye
Various regiments could be distinguished by differently colored linings, which showed at the collar and ends of the sleeves
Dress and equipment of infantry

The artillery was administered separately from the Horse and Foot
Much of the artillery was captured from the Royalists in the aftermath of the Battle of Naseby
The New Model did not use tents, instead being quartered in whatever buildings (houses, barns etc.) were available
Soldiers’ daily ration consisted exclusively of biscuit and cheese
Artillery and Logistics