Словообразование

Prefixes don’t change
the word class!
As you could see, you can form new words with different meanings by adding a prefix or a sufix.
Negative Prefixes
un-
dis-
im-
ir-
in-
il-
unfair;
uncommon;
untrue...
illegal;
illegitimate;
illogical...
impossible;
immature;
imperfect...
disadvantage;
dislike;
dishonest...
irrational;
irrelevant;
irresponsible...
incorrect;
informal;
inconvenient...
Mis-
misunderstanding;
mistrust;
misbehave...
Non-
non-smoker;
non-violent;
non-profit...

To memorize!
RULES
? When you want to change a word that starts with P or M, you add the prefix “im”:
⬂ improper; immodest; impartial; impersonal; impolite; impractical, immigrant…
? Adjectives starting with L, you add the prefix “il”:
⬂ illiterate; illegible; illicit; illegality; illegal; illogical…
? Adjectives beginning with R , you add the prefix “ir”:
⬂ irrational; irresistible; irregular; irreverent; irresponsible…
If you have any doubts, go to the dictionary!
He’s your friend!

Suffixes usually change
the word class of the base word!
Suffixes
survive - survival;
arrive - arrival;
try - trial...
combine - combination;
accuse - accusation;
image - imagination...
employ - employment;
move - movement;
arrange – arrangement...
work - worker;
sing - singer;
win - winner...
carry - carriage;
use - usage;
pack - package...
perform - performance;
insure - insurance;
entry – entrance;
differ – difference;
prefer - preference...
Noun formation
-al
-ation
-ment
-er
-age
-ance/ -ence

national - nationality;
feminine - femininity;
curious - curiosity...
Noun formation
-ity
king - kingdom;
free - freedom;
wise - wisdom...
-hood
dark - darkness;
fit - fitness;
weak - weakness...
-ness
neighbour - neighbourhood;
man - manhood;
parent - parenthood...
-dom
relation - relationship;
friend - friendship;
champion - championship...
-ship
novel – novelist;
art - artist;
piano - pianist...
-ist
actor – actress;
prince - princess;
waiter - waitress...
- ess
true - truth;
grow- growth;
weigh – weight...
-th/ -t
study - student;
serve - servant;
assist - assistant...
-ant/ ent

Adjective formation
care - careful;
beauty - beautiful;
delight - delightful...
-y
tall - tallish;
dark - darkish;
green - greenish...
-ish
sleep - sleepy;
rain - rainy;
fun - funny...
-ful
use - useless;
shame - shameless;
hair - hairless...
-less
electric – electrical;
nation - national;
emotion - emotional...
-al
fame – famous;
fury - furious;
poison - poisonous...
-ous
create – creative;
attract - attractive;
act - active...
-ive
accept - acceptable;
agree - agreeable;
access - accessible...
-able/ ible

Verb formation
-en
identity - identify;
solid - solidify;
example - exemplify...
apology - apologise;
tranquil - tranquilise;
sympathy - sympathise...
-ise/ -ize
-ify
regular - regulate;
circular - circulate;
domestic - domesticate...
-ate
deep - deepen;
wide - widen;
short - shorten...

Now let’s practise!

Form nouns from the verbs:
to arrive -
to govern -
to arm -
to agree -
to recover -
to inform -
to propose-
to pay –
arrival
government
army
agreement
recovery
information
proposal
payment

Form nouns from the adjectives:
kind -
quiet -
happy -
active -
stupid -
human -
kindness
quietness
happiness
activity
stupidity
humanism

the fool -
the child -
the fun -
the friend -
the month -
the danger-
the fame -
foolish
childish
funny
friendly
monthly
dangerous
famous
Form adjectives from the nouns: