ЕГЭ. Структура и содержание раздела чтение

Разделы ЕГЭ:
«Аудирование»-15 заданий 30 мин.
«Чтение»-9 заданий 30 мин.
«Грамматика и лексика»-20 заданий 40 мин.
«Письмо»-2 задания 60 мин.

Структура и содержание раздела
«Чтение»
Время выполнения-30 мин.
Три уровня сложности, В2,В3,А15-А21
Баллы: за каждое задание с выбором ответа и с кратким ответом….1 (7,6,7) максимальное кол-во- 20 баллов
Задания расположены по возрастанию степени трудности

основные виды(типы)
чтения
1.Ознакомительное, без получения определённой информации, (для себя), Основная коммуникативная задача: извлечь основную информацию из текста. Оно просит умения различать главную и второстепенную информацию.
2.Изучающее, полное и чёткое понимание всей информации текста с последующим анализом, осмыслением. Чтение с опорой на языковые и логические связи текста.
3.Поисковое и просмотровое. Получение общего представления о читаемом материале. (например, по вопросам)..Это беглое выборочное чтение по блокам. После этого можно сделать реферат, сообщение

Разграничиваются две противопоставленные друг другу группы функциональных стилей: книжный и разговорный.
К книжным стилям относятся следующие:
Научный
Официально-деловой
Публицистический
Художественный

Характеристика книжных стилей:
Научный стиль
Данный стиль обсуждает сферу научной деятельности, научного общения и употребляется для донесения результатов научно-исследовательской деятельности.
Жанры научного стиля: учебник, диссертация, монография, научная статья, отзыв, рецензия, дипломная работа, курсовая работа, реферат, научный доклад, лекция, аннотация, словарные и энциклопедические статьи.
Официально-деловой стиль
Этот стиль употребляется в официально-деловой сфере — управление, делопроизводство, право, дипломатическое общение.
Жанры официально-делового стиля: устав, закон, кодекс, указ, постановление, приказ, расписка, доверенность, объявление, протокол, акт, инструкция, докладная, договор, Конституция, повестка в суд, кассационная жалоба, соглашение.

Публицистический стиль
Данный стиль обслуживает сферу агитационно-массовой деятельности и употребляется для освещения событий экономической, политической, культурной, бытовой, криминальной, спортивной жизни.
Жанры публицистического стиля: публицистическая статья, очерк, выступление, репортаж, интервью, заметка, эссе, памфлет, фельетон, прокламация, манифест.
Художественный стиль
Данный стиль употребляется в сфере словесно-художественного творчества.
Жанры художественного стиля: трагедия, комедия, трагикомедия, рассказ, роман, новелла, повесть, стихотворение, поэма, басня, баллада, роман в стихах и др.

Уровни заданий и типы текстов
Б — базовый
П — повышенной трудности
В — высокой трудности
Краткие информационно-прагматические тексты
Краткие научно-популярные тексты
Научно популярные статьи из журналов и газет
Публицистические (рецензия)
Публицистический (эссе)
Художественный
В2 - Б
В3 - П
А15-А21 - В

A)Brian is well-built quite tall. He's got a long, triangular face and a straight nose. He is rather handsome with piercing blue eyes and shiny, black hair. Brian prefers casual clothing that is quite fashionable. You can often see him in a sports jacket and dark blue jeans.
B)Over the years, Brian and I have become great friends and shared many good times together. He is one of my most trusted friends and I know I can always rely on him.
C) I first met Brian in secondary school. I can still remember the big smile on his face when the teacher chose him as my Chemistry partner. We spent more time chatting in class than doing the actual experiments.
D) Brian loves music. His favorite hobby is playing the guitar. In his free time, he writes his own songs and makes his own CDs. Brian also gives private lessons and performs in a band. He is so talented.
E) Brian is a kind person who doesn't judge people based on their looks or on what others say about them. He is very helpful, compassionate and glad to lend a hand whenever someone is in need.
Read the following essay and put the paragraphs in the correct order. A CLOSE FRIEND.

1. C) I first met Brian in secondary school. I can still remember the big smile on his face when the teacher chose him as my Chemistry partner. We spent more time chatting in class than doing the actual experiments.

2. A)Brian is well-built quite tall. He's got a long, triangular face and a straight nose. He is rather handsome with piercing blue eyes and shiny, black hair. Brian prefers casual clothing that is quite fashionable. You can often see him in a sports jacket and dark blue jeans.

3. E) Brian is a kind person who doesn't judge people based on their looks or on what others say about them. He is very helpful, compassionate and glad to lend a hand whenever someone is in need.

4. D) Brian loves music. His favourite hobby is playing the guitar. In his free time, he writes his own songs and makes his own CDs. Brian also gives private lessons and performs in a band. He is so talented.

5. B)Over the years, Brian and I have become great friends and shared many good times together. He is one of my most trusted friends and I know I can always rely on him.

Read the text and fill in the gaps (1-6) with the phrases (A-G). There is one phrase that you do not need to use.

The traditional nuclear family
of 1960s Britain consisted of a
married male breadwinner
and female career living in a
household with their children.
This is now a thing of the
past.
Since the sixties, a dramatic change in the structure of family
life has taken place in the UK. Marriage rates have been
declining1)…. Divorce rates have increased dramatically in the
last four decades. There are also more and more
couples2)….Single parents are no longer the exception and
women have started giving birth to fewer children later on in
life. The result is that it is becoming increasingly rare to find
the nuclear family structure in 21st century Britain .Indeed,
researchers agree that by 2020 it will be very difficult to talk
about the 'typical British family' 3)…..
While many people worry about the 'breakdown' of the
Family, others propose another way of looking at things.
These people suggest that families are not falling apart.Rather,
the future of the family is stronger than ever in theUK.
Families may live apart 4)….Surveys show that family
members who live apart still turn to each other 5)..... And
Families are still responsible for most of the socialising which
occurs in British life. Also, it is conversations between family
members 6)……
In other words, the change that the family has undergone in
the last few decades is not so much a breakdown. It is a
reinvention. Families in the UK are still highly valued and will
continue to be so in the future.
A)but the emotional support and commitment between
family members remains just as strong as ever.
В) because there will be so many different types.
С) so in fact relationships between family members
are improving.
D) for support when important life events occur.
E) which accounts for a large percentage of
telephone usage in the UK.
F) and the age at which people marry has been
Increasing.
G) who have chosen not to marry.
The changing face
Of the British Family.

a)about your behavior and lifestyle.
b to harmonies the forces of yin and yang.
c)and it is one of the main components of traditional Chinese medicine.
d)when acupuncture needles are inserted into their body.
e)and trying to understand how it works.
f)which causes energy flow (called 'qi')within the body to become blocked.
g)from qualified and experienced acupuncturists only.
Acupuncture is one of the oldest healing techniques in the world. It has been practiced in Asian countries for
thousands of years 1)……Acupuncture involves putting extremely thin metallic needles into the skin at certain sites.
These needles are then moved around by hand, heated or connected to a battery. The aim is to return health and
relieve pain. In traditional Chinese medicine, a healthy body is one in which the forces of yin and yang are balanced.
Yin is whatever is cold and slow and yang is whatever is hot and excited. Disease occurs when there is an imbalance
in the forces of yin and yang,2).: Acupuncture works by unblocking qi, and hence returning yin and yang to balance.
When visiting an acupuncturist for the first time, be prepared to answer several health questions. The specialist will
also ask you 3)…. This is necessary for them to determine your treatment needs. In general, people do not feel
any pain4):….. In fact, during acupuncture sessions many people report feeling either relaxed or full of energy. For
the most part, acupuncture is an incredibly safe medical procedure. Very few complications have been reported.
Those that have, have been the result of practitioners using defective needles or placing them incorrectly in the
patient's body. Thus, it is important to seek treatment 5)….For many years now, scientists in the West have been
studying the usefulness of acupuncture 6)…..Their studies have not yet found the mechanism behind acupuncture's
apparent effectiveness, but they have indicated that acupuncture can be useful in treating a wide variety of health
problems. Every year, thousands of people benefit from using acupuncture to help them stop smoking, relieve stress,
lose weight and much more.

1)The home is full of hidden dangers. Not many people would think that curtains or the TV are especially unsafe.
Children, however, can strangle themselves on curtain cords and can be crushed under falling TV sets. So, make sure curtain
cords are out of reach of children and attach your TV to the wall.
2)There are many things that you can do to keep your home safe. For example, never hide a pair of house keys in a
'secret' place in your garden. Burglars know where to look! Never give personal information to unidentified telephone
callers. And establish a daily routine that ensures that you will never leave your house without first locking all the doors
and windows.
3)Germs are not only found in public places but also around the home. Too often, people do not wash their hands after
going to the toilet or before preparing food. To keep your home clean, wipe down surfaces regularly using disinfectant
and a clean cloth. There is no need to buy expensive disinfectants: vinegar and hot water is a cheap and effective
alternative.
4)Burglars prefer houses which are easy to break into. They like to work under the cover of darkness and avoid places
where forcing entry would be too noisy or time-consuming. So, install outside lights with motion detectors, invest in a
burglar alarm, and put security devices such as bars and locks on windows and doors.
5)Every year, millions of children are injured at home. Fortunately, most incidents are easily preventable. Lock cabinets
and drawers where medicines and cleaning products are kept. Put child safety gates at the top of the stairs and cover
sharp corners and plug sockets to prevent cuts and electrocutions.
6) Do you have a high energy bill every month? Well, there are plenty of things you can do to cut down on your energy
consumption. Wash your laundry using cold water. Install low-flow showerheads. Identify air leaks in your home and
repair them. An easy way to find air leaks is by using a candle. When the flame slants, you have found the air leak.
7)Trees in our gardens help to shelter our homes from cold winter winds. Therefore, strategically placed trees can really
help stop a house from getting cold. Consult a professional gardener on where to plant trees to best shelter your home.
A.Keeping it warm
В.Home security tips
С.Energy saving tips
D.Hygiene in the home
E.Security and personal safety
F.Hidden home hazards
G.Security your home
H.Making a home hazard-free

'We want to be famous?
Ask kids in Britain what they want to be when they grow up and many will give the same reply: "I want
to be famous!" That, at least, is the finding of a recent survey in the UK which suggests that the cult of
the celebrity in Britain has reached such a level that traditional childhood dreams of becoming a pilot,
an astronaut, or a ballerina, have been firmly replaced by the desire to become a celebrity.
Of course there is nothing new in childhood dreams of fame. Young children have always wanted to be
superheroes, princesses, and rock stars. Nor, indeed, is there anything wrong with children dreaming of
fame and fortune 1)……..?
The problem today lies in British children's perceptions of the accessibility of fame. The rise of a new
type of celebrity in the UK—one who has achieved fame, fortune and influence without doing anything
of Importance — has created a generation of children 2)……it is something that can be got for nothing.
Reality TV shows (such as Big Brother) are partly responsible for the rise In this new genre of British
celebrity. In the early 2000s, reality TV saw an explosion in popularity in the UK. Magazine covers in
Britain became dominated by men and women3)….. Such was the media coverage afforded to these
reality TV stars that by 2007. according to one survey, one in seven UK teenagers were hoping to
achieve fame by appearing on a reality TV show.
Of course, of the hundreds of thousands of people 4)…..few actually achieve it. Teachers in Britain worry
that the ease with which reality show contestants find fame fails to get this message across to children,
British teachers are also very concerned that the obsession with celebrity is affecting both children's
attitudes to study and their career aspirations. Children look at celebrities today5)…..Thus, they begin
to see education as unnecessary for achieving success in life.
It is very important not to fall into the trap of believing the path to fame and fortune is easy. If it was,
everyone would be rich and famously Very few people will achieve fame from appearing on reality TV,
6)…. Still, the good news for kids today is that regardless of whether or not they achieve fame, there are
more job options open to them than ever before. Most kids can still grow up to be anything they want
to be!
Fill in the gaps (1-6) with the phrases (A-G). There is one phrase that you do not need to use.
A )who had achieved fame merely because they had done something memorable on reality television
В) that will become famous for no particular reason
С)and even fewer will achieve long-lasting fame
D) since aiming high and having great dreams can push a child to succeed
E) who dream of fame and fortune
F)and see that they have not achieved their fame because of any accomplishment
G)who believe that fame is not only easy to achieve