Harvard university

Harvard University is the oldest institution of higher education in the United States.
This premier educational and cultural institution was established in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
It was named after its first benefactor, John Harvard, a young minister of Charlestown.
In 1900, Harvard became a founding member of the Association of American Universities.

The university is governed by two boards – the Harvard Corporation ( President and Fellows of Harvard College) and the Board of Overseers.
It includes an undergraduate college, graduate schools, academic bodies, research centers, and affiliated institutions.

Over the course of the twentieth century, Harvard's international reputation has grown enormously, as has its foundation and the number of distinguished professors.
There was a rapid growth of those who wanted to study, new postgraduate departments appeared, and the student program expanded. Radcliffe College, established in 1879 as a subsidiary school of Harvard University, has become one of the most famous and best girls ' schools in the country.
Scientific laboratories and clinics were established at the Medical School.

During the Great Depression and World War II, the university was headed by James Bryant Conant. He transformed the curriculum, as well as relaxed the conditions of admission to the university. During the war, military chaplains were trained at Harvard.
Taking into account the circumstances: urgency, military situation, the number of student students was increased from 75 to 450, along with the duration of the session, which in turn began to last about six weeks.

In the twentieth century, various research centers were opened at the university, which contributed to the launch of scientific projects that were interdisciplinary in nature. The oldest centers are: East Asian Research Center, the Center for International Affairs, the Center for Eastern Studies, the Russian Research Center, the Charles Warren Center for Studies in American History, and the Joint Center for Urban Studies (the latter jointly with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology). These centers became more and more independent, as they themselves sought a source of funding (most often they received state grants).

Harvard has expanded over the centuries and today includes 12 post-graduate degree-granting schools:
Harvard College: The Faculty of Arts and Sciences and the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (1636)
The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1872)
The Harvard Division of Continuing Education(Summer School (1871) and Extension School (1910)
The Harvard Medical School (1782)
The Harvard School of Dental Medicine (1867)
Harvard Law School (1817)
Harvard Business School (1908)
The Graduate School of Design (1914)
The Harvard Graduate School of Education (1920)
The School of Public Health (1922)
Harvard Kennedy School of Government (1936)
Harvard Divinity School (1816);

In 1999, the former Radcliffe College was reorganized as the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. And in 2007, the Harvard Department approved the transformation of the Harvard Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences into a fourteenth school.
The university grew from 9 students to more than 20 thousand. Today, there are more than 360,000 Harvard graduates worldwide, including Americans and residents of 190 other countries.
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UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
Today, the Harvard Library, founded in 1638, is the oldest library in the United States and the largest academic library in the world. The University also has the Lamont Library – the main student library for the humanities and social sciences, the Haughton Library and the underground library – Pusey.

UNIVERSITY COAT OF ARMS
On September 8, 1836,, it was announced that President Josiah Quincy, while studying the history of Harvard in the College archives, found the first rough sketch of the coat of arms on the covers of three books, which was a shield with the Latin motto "VERITAS". At a celebration in the courtyard of the university, it was first shown to the public on a white poster. The sketch became the basis of the official Harvard seal, adopted in 1843.

In 1910, by a vote of the Harvard Board, dark red (crimson) was officially designated the main color of the university.
Harvard has for many years awarded honorary degrees to current or future Presidents of the United States. The first such degree was awarded to J. R. R. Tolkien. Washington: After his army forced the British to leave Boston in March 1776, the Harvard board decided to award him an honorary degree. On the same day, he accepted it.
8 US presidents (John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Rutherford Hayes, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, George W. Bush, Barack Obama) graduated from Harvard University.
The bells of the Harvard University Belfry were previously located inSt. Daniel's Monastery and were sold by the Soviet government for the price of bronze in the 1930s. In 2007, the bells were returned to the monastery, in exchange for exact replicas cast in Voronezh
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