Integrating Sources. Week 2. Lesson 2

Week 2 Outline
Lesson 1.Integrating sources: positioning and stance
Lesson 2. Body Paragraphs. Paragraph Basics. Paragraph – development and evidence
Lesson 3. Present the two problem parts of an essay (250-300 words)

Lesson 1 Outline
Incorporating sources into academic/research writing
Writing Process
Using Sources
Determining the purpose of a source
The three main ways to incorporate a source
Integrating Seamlessly
A sample paragraph with a source
Test-review of the lesson

Incorporating sources into academic/research writing
Depends on the type of academic paper
Sources are used differently
Even though outside sources are being discussed
Your voice should be heard clearly throughout the essay
I am interested in what YOU have to say on the topic
Sources should be used to enhance and support - not replace - your ideas
Pre-lesson preparation
Week 3 Lesson 1

Writing Process
During weeks 1 and 2 you have already:
Brainstormed a global issue
Came up with two specific problems and solutions
Deep read your articles and filled the note-taking table; and now
Narrow the topic and create a working thesis
Begin writing with the thesis and sources in mind
Pre-lesson preparation
Week 3 Lesson 1

Using Sources
The purpose of sources must be determined to
Present facts or statistics
Serve as evidence to support an argument
Lend authority to an argument or idea
Provide examples and illustrations
State an opposing viewpoint
Pre-lesson preparation
Week 3 Lesson 1

Every source used MUST be cited in the APA format
Failing to cite sources properly can result in plagiarism
!
Pre-lesson preparation
Week 3 Lesson 1

Determining the purpose of a source
Sources should never be included in a paper without serving a predetermined purpose
Always be able to explain why each source was chosen and what it contributes to the paper
Pre-lesson preparation
Week 3 Lesson 1

Use sources in your paper to:
Provide background information (history/theory) or context that will help readers understand your essay topic (1-2 articles)
Supply evidence (statistics/research findings that back up a claim) for or help to develop an argument or illustrate the problems (1-2 articles)
Provide support from an expert or authority on the topic for your suggested solutions (1-2 articles)
Pre-lesson preparation
Week 3 Lesson 1

The three main ways to incorporate a source are
Summarizing - capture the key points of a text
Paraphrasing - rewording the relevant idea(s) from a source
Quoting - the original wording of the text is important to the discussion
Pre-lesson preparation
Week 3 Lesson 1

Integrating Seamlessly
Frame the sourced information - The “sandwich approach”
You introduce the information in your own words
Insert the sourced information
Follow it with your own interpretation or analysis
Pre-lesson preparation
Week 3 Lesson 1

The “Sandwich Approach”
Introduce
Analyze
Insert
Adapted from https://dlc.dcccd.edu/englishcomp1rlc-units/integrating-sources?user=dcccd&passw=1dcccd234
Pre-lesson preparation
Week 3 Lesson 1

The “Sandwich Approach”
Introduce
Analyze
What will you insert?
Adapted from https://dlc.dcccd.edu/englishcomp1rlc-units/integrating-sources?user=dcccd&passw=1dcccd234

The “Sandwich Approach”
Introduce
Analyze
Summary
Paraphrase
Direct quote
Adapted from https://dlc.dcccd.edu/englishcomp1rlc-units/integrating-sources?user=dcccd&passw=1dcccd234

A sample paragraph with a source
The motivation and urgency to create and improve hybrid-electric technology comes from a range of complex forces. Some of these forces are economic, others environmental, and still others social. In their book Ogden, Williams, and Larson argue that “continued reliance on current transportation fuels and technologies poses serious oil supply insecurity, climate change, and urban air pollution risks” (2004, p. 7). Because of the nonrenewable nature of fossil fuels as well as their negative side effects, the transportation industry is confronted with making the most radical changes since the introduction of the internal combustion automobile more than 100 years ago. Hybrid-electric vehicles are one response to this pressure.
Topic sentence
Source
material
and
citation
Analysis
Introduction
to source
http://www.germanna.edu/wp-content/uploads/tutoring/handouts/Incorporating-Sources-into-Research-Writing.pdf

Traditional handwritten letters provide eyewitness accounts of historical events. In more contemporary times, however, email communication has largely taken over this function from letter writing. Chang (as cited in Smith, 2012, p1) notes that people born in the 1990s onwards “tend to favour Skype and Messenger and are adept at expressing themselves in phrases of 70 characters or less on Twitter.” It could therefore be argued that email has been merely a transition medium from letters to web-based and other more immediate forms of communication.
Topic sentence
Source
material
and
citation
Analysis
Introduction
to source
Practice: Find the parts of a paragraph
https://services.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/706946/Incorporating_Sources_100113_ST.pdf

Lets find the parts of the "sandwich":
(1 Introduction), (2 Citation), (3 Analysis)
She argues that attempts to make plagiarism seem simple prevent us from adequately defining it (Price, 2002, p. 89).
Accordingly, a single, all-encompassing definition for plagiarism, which would aim to simplify it, would not be sufficient and likely doesn't exist.
Margaret Price, professor of English at the University of Michigan, discusses plagiarism policies in her article, “Beyond Gotcha!: Situating Plagiarism in Policy and Practice.”
https://miamioh.edu/hcwe/handouts/source-integration/index.html

Link to the:
Lesson review survey
Polling website

Sources:
Integrating sources: Positioning and stance. (2016, September 19). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMRGXVI_hqo
Integrating Sources into Your Writing. (2016, September 15). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gy-xXWGW-cs
Incorporating Sources into Research Writing. (2014, March). Academic Center for Excellence. http://www.germanna.edu
Integrating Sources. (n.d.). Documenting Research. Retrieved December 7, 2020, from https://dlc.dcccd.edu/englishcomp1rlc-units/integrating-sources?user=dcccd&passw=1dcccd234

Reporting words
https://services.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/706946/Incorporating_Sources_100113_ST.pdf