Слайд 2Language Units
Morphemes
Words
Word groups
Phraseological units
![Language Units Morphemes Words Word groups Phraseological units](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/935436/slide-1.jpg)
Слайд 3MORPHEME
morphe – “form”
- eme “the smallest unit”
Morphemes- are the smallest meaningful unit
![MORPHEME morphe – “form” - eme “the smallest unit” Morphemes- are the](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/935436/slide-2.jpg)
of form
cannot be segmented into smaller units
can occur in speech only as constituent parts of words
are divided into lexical morphemes and grammatical morphemes
Слайд 4Non-root morphemes (Derivational)
Inflectional morphemes (inflections)
endings
Affixational morpheme (affixes)
prefixes suffixes
functional derivational
![Non-root morphemes (Derivational) Inflectional morphemes (inflections) endings Affixational morpheme (affixes) prefixes suffixes functional derivational](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/935436/slide-3.jpg)
Слайд 5
Глокая куздра
штеко будланула бокра
и курдячит бокрёнка
(Л.Щерба)
![Глокая куздра штеко будланула бокра и курдячит бокрёнка (Л.Щерба)](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/935436/slide-4.jpg)
Слайд 6STRUCTURAL TYPES OF WORDS
(Дубенец Э.М.)
![STRUCTURAL TYPES OF WORDS (Дубенец Э.М.)](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/935436/slide-5.jpg)
Слайд 7 Monomorphic (root) words
Consist of one-root morpheme
EX small, dog, make
SIMPLE
one root morpheme
![Monomorphic (root) words Consist of one-root morpheme EX small, dog, make SIMPLE](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/935436/slide-6.jpg)
+ (functional affix)
EX asked, seldom, cat, longer
Слайд 8POLYMORPHIC WORDS
Affixed ( derivatives) = one root morpheme + one or more
![POLYMORPHIC WORDS Affixed ( derivatives) = one root morpheme + one or](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/935436/slide-7.jpg)
derivational affixes or functional affix (inflexion)
EX. acceptable, outdo, dislikes, discouragement
Compound words = two or more root morphemes + functional affix (inflexion)
EX. eye+balls, wait- and- see
Compound-affixed words = two or more root morphemes + one or more derivational affixes + functional affix (inflexion)
EX. job – hoppers, autotimer
Слайд 9STRUCTURAL TYPES OF WORDS
(Зыкова И.В.)
![STRUCTURAL TYPES OF WORDS (Зыкова И.В.)](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/935436/slide-8.jpg)
Слайд 10MONORADICAL words
Radical-suffixal (one root morpheme + one or more suffixal morphemes)
Ex acceptable,
![MONORADICAL words Radical-suffixal (one root morpheme + one or more suffixal morphemes)](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/935436/slide-9.jpg)
acceptability
Radical-prefixal (one root morpheme + a prefixal mopheme
Ex unbutton
Prefixo-radical-suffixal (one root morpheme + prefixal and suffixal morphemes)
Ex disagreeable
Слайд 11POLYRADICAL words
Two or more roots without affixational morphemes
Ex book- stand, lamp-shade
Two
![POLYRADICAL words Two or more roots without affixational morphemes Ex book- stand,](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/935436/slide-10.jpg)
roots or more + one or more affixational morphemes
Ex safety-pins, pen-holder
Слайд 12Morphemic analyses
Segmenting words into the constituent
morphemes -
the method of Immediate
![Morphemic analyses Segmenting words into the constituent morphemes - the method of Immediate and Ultimate Constituents](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/935436/slide-11.jpg)
and
Ultimate Constituents
Слайд 13Procedure of morphemic analyses
Based on a binary principle when each
stage
![Procedure of morphemic analyses Based on a binary principle when each stage](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/935436/slide-12.jpg)
of the procedure involves two components the word
immediately breaks into- The Immediate Constituents (ICs)
Each IC at the next stage in its turn is broken into the
smallest meaningful elements incapable of further division –
The Ultimate Constituents (UCs)
Ex friendliness
Friendly- IC + - ness UC
Friend- UC + - ly UC
The word consists of 3 UCs
Слайд 14Derivatonal structure
is the nature, type and arrangement of the
immediate constituents (ICs)
![Derivatonal structure is the nature, type and arrangement of the immediate constituents](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/935436/slide-13.jpg)
of the word.
Derivational base
Is the part of the word that determines its
individual lexical meaning
Derivational affixes
Are immediate constituents (ICs) of derived words
Слайд 15Derivational patterns (DP)
Is a regular meaningful arrangement, a structure that
imposes rules
![Derivational patterns (DP) Is a regular meaningful arrangement, a structure that imposes](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/935436/slide-14.jpg)
on the order and the nature of the derivational
bases and affixes that may be brought together.
DPs represent the derivational structure at different levels:
a) structural types. Patters of this level are structural
formulaswhich specify the class membership of Immediate
Constituents and the directions of motivation
V N
A + -sf N
Слайд 16
According to structural formulas all words
may be classified into:
Suffixal derivatives
![According to structural formulas all words may be classified into: Suffixal derivatives](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/935436/slide-15.jpg)
blackness
Prefixal derivatives rewrite
Conversions a cut
Compound words music-lover
Слайд 17
structural patterns specify the base
classes and individual affixes which refer
![structural patterns specify the base classes and individual affixes which refer derivatives](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/935436/slide-16.jpg)
derivatives
to specific parts of speech
EX The DP n + -ish A signals a set of
adjectives with the lexical meaning of resemblance
EX The DP a + -ish A signals a set of
adjectives meaning a small degree of quality
Слайд 18c) Structural –semantic patterns specify
semantic peculiarities of bases and individual
meanings of
![c) Structural –semantic patterns specify semantic peculiarities of bases and individual meanings](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/935436/slide-17.jpg)
affixes
EX n + -ess N (a female animate being) - lioness
EX n+ -y A (resemblence) - birdy
Слайд 19
‘not” \ “without” \ “opposite of’”
Nameless, disapprove, inattention
“exceeding” \ a great
![‘not” \ “without” \ “opposite of’” Nameless, disapprove, inattention “exceeding” \ a](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/935436/slide-18.jpg)
extent” or “a large amount of”
Oversleep, superclever, extra-soft
“similarity \ resemblance”
Flowerlike, babyish
“very small” \ “not enough”
Booklet, duckling, miniskirt