Planning. Topic

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MEANING OF PLANNING

Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to

MEANING OF PLANNING Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how
do it, when to do it and who to do it. It involves anticipating the future and conciously
Choosing the future course of action.
“According to Haimann, Planning is the function that determines in advance what should be done.”

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Nature of Planning

Planning is goal-oriented
Planning is a primary function
Planning is all-pervasive
Planning is

Nature of Planning Planning is goal-oriented Planning is a primary function Planning
a continuous process
Planning is forward-looking
Planning involves choice
Planning is directed toword efficiency

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PROCESS OF PLANNING

The main step in planning proccess are as follow:-
Step 1-

PROCESS OF PLANNING The main step in planning proccess are as follow:-
DEFINE THE TASK-
Step 2- IDENTIFY RESOURCES-
Step 3- CONSIDER ALTERNATIVE-
step 4- CREATE THE PLANNING-
Step 5- WORK THE PLAN-
Step 6- EVALUATE-

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Importance of planning

Focuses attention on objectives and result
Reduces uncertainty and risk
Provides sense

Importance of planning Focuses attention on objectives and result Reduces uncertainty and
of direction
Encourages innovation and creativity
Helps in co-ordination
Guides decision-making
Provide efficiency in operation

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Limitation of planning

Lack of accurate information
Time and cost
Resistance to change
Lock

Limitation of planning Lack of accurate information Time and cost Resistance to
of ability to plans
False sense of security
Environmental constraints

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Principles of planning

Principle of contribution to objectives
Principle of efficiency of plans
Principle

Principles of planning Principle of contribution to objectives Principle of efficiency of
of primary of planning
Principle of planning premises
Principle of policy framwork
Principle of timing
Principle of alternatives
Principle of limiting factor
Principle of commitment
Principle of flexibility
Principle of navigational change
Principle of competitive stategies

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Types of planning

Corporate planning
Divisional or functional planning
Group planning

Types of planning Corporate planning Divisional or functional planning Group planning

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Group or sectional planning

Group or sectional planning refers to planning for

Group or sectional planning Group or sectional planning refers to planning for
specific groups or section within a department or division .
group or sectional planning are formulated mainly at the opreting level of management . They have to approved by higher authorities.

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Departmental or Divisional Planning

Such planning includes the plans formulated for various

Departmental or Divisional Planning Such planning includes the plans formulated for various
departments or division of an enterprise.it determines the scope and activities of a particular department.
Departmental or divisional plans are formulated at the middle level of management and approved by the top management.

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corporate planning

Planning for the company as a whole is known as

corporate planning Planning for the company as a whole is known as
corporate planning. It lays down objectives, strategies, and policies for the entire orgainisation.
corprate planinng is done at the top level of management.
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