Reported speech

Reported speech: general info
pronouns: I –he/she; our-their; this-that; these-those
time phrases: now-then; yesterday-the day before…
tense form – ONE step BACK (the reporting verb is in the PAST: he said/she asked)
tense form – NO changes (the reporting verb is in the PRESENT: he says/she asks)
in questions – use the DIRECT word order + no auxiliaries (прямой порядок слов: подлежащее+сказуемое; нет вспомогательных глаголов: NO do/does/did

Time phrases
now-then
at the moment-at that moment
today-that day
yesterday-the day before
tomorrow-the next/the following day
two weeks ago-two weeks before
last year – the previous year/the year before

Tense changes (present)
Present simple (V1)
Ann: “I am happy today.”
• Present continuous
(am/is/are+Ving)
Ben: “I`m repairing my car now”
• Present perfect (Have/has + V3)
• Present perfect continuous (have/has BEEN + Ving)
The Kids: We have done homework!
Past simple (V2)
Ann said (that) she was happy that day.
•Past continuous
(was/were+Ving)
Ben said he was repairing his car then.
Past Perfect (had+V3)
Past Perfect Continuous(hadbeen+Ving)
The kids said they had done homework.

Tense changes (past)
Past simple (V2)
Mum: “I saw my friend yesterday”
• Past Continuous
(was/were+Ving)
The children: “ We were playing when mum came.”
• Past Perfect
•Past Perfect Continuous
Past perfect (had +V3)
Mum said (that) she had seen her friend the day before.
Past perfect Continuous
(had been +Ving)
The children said they had been playing when mum had come.
DO NOT CHANGE!!!

Tense changes (future)
Future simple (will+V1)
Ann: “I will pass my exams tomorrow.”
• Future continuous
(will be + Ving)
• Future perfect (will have + V3)
• Future perfect continuous
(will have been + Ving)
Would+V1
Ann said she would pass her exams the next day.
• WOULD be Ving
• WOULD have + V3
• WOULD have been Ving

Commands / requests (повелительные предложения)
Mum: “Close the door and talk to me!”
The teacher told the pupils: “Don`t cheat at the exam”!
Mum told me to close the door and talk to her.
The teacher told the pupils NOT to cheat at the exam.

TRANFORM THE SENTENSES INTO REPORTED SPEECH:
My brother said: “I am busy now.”
A student said to the teacher: “I won`t come tomorrow.”
Mum told her kids: “Don`t tease the dog, it may bite you!”
Dad said: “I don`t feel like watching TV today”
The teacher asked her students: “You must listen to me carefully!”
Mary said: “I have never been abroad in my life.”
The parents said to their kids: “You should stop fighting!”
The teacher told me: “We went to England last year.”

Modals

Types of questions
Wh-questions
(what, where, when …)
What is your name?
Where does he live?
When did you get up yesterday?
How old is your sister?
Why has she done it?
Yes/No questions
(do/does, did, have, can, was/were…)
Are you Ann/Tom?
Do you live in Russia?
Did you go to school yesterday?
Is your sister 14?
Have you done it?

Wh-questions: what/where/when/why/how…
Прямая речь
Kate asked : What is your name?
1. местоимение: your-my
2. Время: is-was
3. Порядок слов: прямой (подлежащее+сказуемое)
Косвенная речь
Kate asked what my name was.

Present simple past simple (V1 V2)
Peter asked: How do you like it? - Peter asked me how I liked it.
Анализируем:
Вопросительное слово осталось HOW
Местоимение: you-I
Вспомогательный глагол исчезает ( do)
Время поменялось: настоящее-прошедшее: like-liked
Порядок слов ПРЯМОЙ (подлежащее+сказуемое)

Past simple past perfect (V2 had+V3)
When did you get up yesterday? - He asked when I had got up the day before.
Вопросительное слово осталось WHEN
Поменялось местоимение: you-I
Вспомогательный DID исчез
Время поменялась с past simple-past perfect
Порядок слов прямой: подлежащее+сказуемое
Поменялось обстоятельство времени: yesterday-the day before

Yes/No questions (без вопросительных слов)
Прямая речь
Ann asked: Are you tired?
Анализируем:
Появляется союз IF
Местоимение: you-I
Время: are-was
Порядок слов прямой (подлежащее+сказуемое)
Косвенная речь
Ann asked me if/whether I was tired

Present simple-past simple
My brother asked his friend: Do you like skating?
My brother asked IF his friend liked skating.
Союз IF
Поменяли подлежащее: you- his friend
Убрали вспомогательный DO
Поменяли время: present simple-past simple
Порядок слов прямой (подлежащее+сказуемое)

Past simple past perfect (V2 had+V3)
Mum asked her son: Did you go to school yesterday?
Mum asked IF her son had gone to school the day before.
Появился союз IF
Поменялось подлежащее: you-her son
Вспомогательный убрали DID
Поменяли время: past simple-past perfect
Порядок слов прямой (подлежащее+сказуемое)
Обстоятельство времени: yesterday-the day before

Imperative sentences
+
Do this task immediately,- the teacher said.
The teacher told students TO do that task immediately.
-
A friend said: “don`t let me down!”
A friend asked NOT TO let him down.

Practice yourself
My friend asked me: Do you feel lonely now?
The teacher asked Mary: Did you revise the topic yesterday?
The children asked their mum: Are we going to the park tomorrow?
Dad asked his son: Will you help me here?
A waiter asked a woman: Have you made the order yet?
A pupil asked: “May I come in?”

Practice yourself
Tom asked: Why are you late ?
My sister asked Ann: What did you do yesterday?
The doctor asked my mum: How do you feel today?
The teacher asked students: Where will you go tomorrow?
The coach asked a boy: What can I do for you now?
The passenger asked: “What time does the train leave?”