Symptoms of diseases of liver and bile ducts

Translate the sentences and the subject in the main clause and the word acting as a subject in the Absolute Participle Construction:
1. Digestion disturbances having been present for a long period of time, the patient was prescribed a strict diet not containing any fat. 2. The patient suffer­ing from a continuous bleeding, severe anaemia developed. 3. There being no characteristic clinical manifestations of gastritis, the patient was allowed to vary his diet. 4. Tumour cells being spread with the blood flow, metastases may ap­pear in various organs.

Read and guess what disease is described:
This disease is treated surgically. The operation is performed not under general but under local anaesthesia. The operation must be performed immedi­ately to prevent the development of peritonitis.
This disease is most commonly observed in nervous persons. Such fac- ' tors as mental and emotional overstrain contribute considerably to its develop­ment. The incidence of this disease is higher in men than in women. This dis­ease is characterized by a chronic cyclic course.
When the physician examines the patient with this disease he reveals severe tenderness in the right upper part of the abdomen and in the umbilical.

Active vocabulary:
patient’s medical history
living conditions
hepatic dis­ease
Overeating
fatty foods
fatty degeneration of the liver
persistent lesion of the liver
loss of weight

abdominal enlargement
dilatation of the veins in the umbilical area
Palpation and percussion of the liver and spleen

Symptoms of Diseases of the Liver and Bile Ducts
When the physician is taking the patient’s medical history he must pay at­tention to the patient’s working and living conditions, the diet which the patient follows, the history of past diseases, particularly of those of the alimentary tract, and the condition of the nervous and endocrine systems, because a hepatic dis­ease is often directly associated with these factors.
For example, overeating, particularly of fatty foods, alcoholism may some­times suggest the diagnosis of the fatty degeneration of the liver. A persistent lesion of the liver may be observed after Botkin’s disease and in chronic infec­tions. Involvement of the liver and bile ducts is often found after gastrointesti­nal diseases, gastritis being one of them.

The patient’s complaints of loss of weight, pain in the right hypochondrium and abdominal enlargement may contribute to the proper diagnosis of the dis­eases of the liver and bile ducts. Among the characteristic symptoms of a he­patic disease are a yellowish color of the skin, sclerae and of the mucous mem­branes of the oral cavity, dilatation of the veins in the umbilical area, tenderness in the left and right hypochondrium.
Palpation and percussion of the liver and spleen may supply important evi­dence for a diagnosis. The size of the liver may be enlarged or contracted, it may be soft or firm, its surface may be nodular, the lower border may be sharp — all these findings enable the physician not to doubt an adequate diagnosis.

Complete the sentences:
1. ……… includes information about your medical history from childhood to present time. 2. ……… is one of the causes of fatty degeneration of the liver.3. Opposite to “gain weight” is …….. 4. “ Dilatation” of veins means …. 5. “Tenderness” means …….. 6. When the liver is damaged it has sharp …… 7. If a doctor knows the symptoms of the illness he is …. about the diagnosis and treatment.

Make Venn diagram to compare the Peritonitis, Hepatitis, Acute cholecystitis:

Watch the video on topic and do the activity “true or false”:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5AJ6yHEYUY
1. Stomach is the largest organ inside the body.
2. Liver stores energy.
3. Liver removes the poisons.
4. If the liver forms scar tissue because of an illness, it’s called cirrhosis.
5. Hemochromatosis is not a liver disease.

Read and learn the glossary:
Botkin’s disease - or Hepatitis - a disease which was described by M. Botkin .
Bile ducts - ways which pass the bile from the liver to intestine.
Sclera - outer covering of the eye.
Hypochondrium - a region in the chest ,under the ribs.
Lesion - disturbance , not proper functioning of the organ.
Fatty degeneration - not proper digestion of the fats .
Dilatation - widening
Nodular surface - surface which is covered by nodules.
Tenderness - a feeling of pain.
Metastases - spreading of the malignant disease from one oert of the body to another through blood stream or lymph.