Слайд 2Methodology
liquefied gas
coolant (liquid nitrogen or helium ).
Dewar`s vessel
![Methodology liquefied gas coolant (liquid nitrogen or helium ). Dewar`s vessel](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/897636/slide-1.jpg)
Слайд 3The methods for producing cryogenic liquid
Throttling
The extension with performing external work
![The methods for producing cryogenic liquid Throttling The extension with performing external work](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/897636/slide-2.jpg)
Слайд 4Throttling
Key point: when gas flows through the narrowing channel of the pipe
![Throttling Key point: when gas flows through the narrowing channel of the](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/897636/slide-3.jpg)
or through a porous membrane, its pressure is lowering together with decrease in its temperature.
Joule-Thomson`s coefficient.
Prescription: deep cooling
and liquefaction of gases.
Слайд 5The extension with performing external work
Devices:
expander
turboexpander
![The extension with performing external work Devices: expander turboexpander](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/897636/slide-4.jpg)
Слайд 7Low temperature measurement
primary thermometric device - gas thermometer (≤1К)
secondary thermometric device
![Low temperature measurement primary thermometric device - gas thermometer (≤1К) secondary thermometric](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/897636/slide-6.jpg)
– thermocouple, semiconductor diode (30—100 К)
Слайд 8Superfluidity
the ability of a substance in a particular state that occurs
![Superfluidity the ability of a substance in a particular state that occurs](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/897636/slide-7.jpg)
when the temperature decreases to absolute zero, flowing through narrow slits and capillaries without friction
Слайд 9Superconductivity
- the property of some materials to have zero electrical resistance
![Superconductivity - the property of some materials to have zero electrical resistance](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/897636/slide-8.jpg)
when they reach temperatures below a certain value (critical temperature).
Слайд 10Field of Application
rocket and space technology;
power industry;
metallurgy;
agriculture;
science;
chemistry;
food industry, etc.
![Field of Application rocket and space technology; power industry; metallurgy; agriculture; science; chemistry; food industry, etc.](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/897636/slide-9.jpg)
Слайд 11Problems:
the improvement of habitat of large cities;
improvement in fusion reactor;
use in nanotechnology.
![Problems: the improvement of habitat of large cities; improvement in fusion reactor; use in nanotechnology.](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/897636/slide-10.jpg)
Слайд 12Conclusion
The use of low temperature and especially cryogenic technology opens up new
![Conclusion The use of low temperature and especially cryogenic technology opens up](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/897636/slide-11.jpg)
possibilities in science and technology, and has a decisive influence on the improvement of the human environment