The Present Perfect Tense

+ has/have + past participle
- hasn’t/haven’t
+ past participle
? Have/Has + S +
past participle

ever
never
once
many times
already
yet
so far
always
before
just
recently / lately
Signal Words

Unspecified Time Before Now

I have been to France.
TOPIC 1 Experience

You have grown since the last time I saw you.
TOPIC 2 Change Over Time

Our son has learned how to read.
TOPIC 3 Accomplishments

The rain hasn't stopped.
TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting

The army has attacked that city five times.
TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times

Bob / visit / his grandma.
Jimmy / not play / on the computer.
Sue and Walter / wash / their car?
Andrew / repair / his bike.
Phil / help / Anne with maths?