Содержание
- 2. Mammals Australia has a rich mammalian fossil history, as well as a variety of extant mammalian
- 3. The koala or, inaccurately, koala bear (Phascolarctos cinereus) is an arboreal herbivorous marsupial native to Australia.
- 4. The kangaroo is a marsupial from the family Macropodidae (macropods, meaning "large foot"). In common use
- 5. Birds Australia and its territories are home to around 800 species of bird. 45% of these
- 6. Australian parrots comprise a sixth of the world's parrots, including many cockatoos and galahs. The kookaburra
- 7. About 200 species of seabird live on the Australian coast, including many species of migratory seabird.
- 8. Amphibians and reptiles Amphibians of Australia are limited to members of the order Anura, commonly known
- 9. Fish More than 5000 species of fish inhabit Australia's waterways. 24% are endemic. However, because of
- 10. Invertebrates Of the estimated 200,000 animal species in Australia, about 96% are invertebrates. While the full
- 11. Invasive species Introduction of exotic fauna in Australia by design, accident and natural processes has led
- 13. Скачать презентацию
Слайд 2Mammals
Australia has a rich mammalian fossil history, as well as a variety
Mammals
Australia has a rich mammalian fossil history, as well as a variety
Two of the five living species of monotreme occur in Australia: the platypus and the short-beaked echidna. The monotremes differ from other mammals in their methods of reproduction; in particular, they lay eggs instead of giving birth to live young. The platypus—a venomous, egg-laying, duck-billed amphibious mammal—is considered to be one of the strangest creatures in the animal kingdom.
Слайд 3The koala or, inaccurately, koala bear (Phascolarctos cinereus) is an arboreal herbivorous
The koala or, inaccurately, koala bear (Phascolarctos cinereus) is an arboreal herbivorous
The koala is found in coastal areas of the mainland's eastern and southern regions, inhabiting Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia.
The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is the largest of the true foxes and one of the most widely distributed members of the order Carnivora, being present across the entire Northern Hemisphere including most of North America, Europe and Asia plus parts of Northern Africa. It is listed as least concern by the IUCN.
Due to its presence in Australia, it is included on the list of the "world's 100 worst invasive species".
Слайд 4The kangaroo is a marsupial from the family Macropodidae (macropods, meaning "large
The kangaroo is a marsupial from the family Macropodidae (macropods, meaning "large
As with the terms "wallaroo" and "wallaby", "kangaroo" refers to a paraphyletic grouping of species. All three refer to members of the same taxonomic family, Macropodidae, and are distinguished according to size. The largest species in the family are called "kangaroos" and the smallest are generally called "wallabies". The term "wallaroos" refers to species of an intermediate size. There is also the tree-kangaroo, another genus of macropod, which inhabits the tropical rainforests of New Guinea, far northeastern Queensland and some of the islands in the region.
Слайд 5Birds
Australia and its territories are home to around 800 species of bird.
45%
Birds
Australia and its territories are home to around 800 species of bird.
45%
The emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) is the second-largest living bird by height, after its ratite relative, the ostrich. It is endemic to Australia where it is the largest native bird and the only extant member of the genus Dromaius. The emu's range covers most of mainland Australia, but the Tasmanian, Kangaroo Island and King Island subspecies became extinct after the European settlement of Australia in 1788.
Emus are soft-feathered, brown, flightless birds with long necks and legs, and can reach up to 1.9 metres (6.2 ft) in height. Emus can travel great distances, and when necessary can sprint at 50 km/h (31 mph).
They forage for a variety of plants and insects, but have been known to go for weeks without eating. They drink infrequently, but take in copious amounts of water when the opportunity arises.
Слайд 6Australian parrots comprise a sixth of the world's parrots, including many cockatoos
Australian parrots comprise a sixth of the world's parrots, including many cockatoos
Parrots are found on all tropical and subtropical continents and regions including Australia.
By far the greatest number of parrot species come from Australasia.
One-third of all parrot species are threatened by extinction, with higher aggregate extinction risk than any other comparable bird group.
Слайд 7About 200 species of seabird live on the Australian coast, including many
About 200 species of seabird live on the Australian coast, including many
Слайд 8Amphibians and reptiles
Amphibians of Australia are limited to members of the order
Amphibians and reptiles
Amphibians of Australia are limited to members of the order
Слайд 9Fish
More than 5000 species of fish inhabit Australia's waterways.
24% are endemic.
However,
Fish
More than 5000 species of fish inhabit Australia's waterways.
24% are endemic.
However,
Two families of freshwater fish have ancient origins: the arowana or bonytongues, and the Queensland lungfish.
The Queensland lungfish is the most primitive of the lungfish, having evolved before Australia separated from Gondwana. One of the smallest freshwater fish, peculiar to the southwest of Western Australia, is the salamanderfish, which can survive desiccation in the dry season by burrowing into mud.
Слайд 10Invertebrates
Of the estimated 200,000 animal species in Australia, about 96% are invertebrates.
Invertebrates
Of the estimated 200,000 animal species in Australia, about 96% are invertebrates.
The largest group of invertebrates is the insects, comprising 75% of Australia's known species of animals. The most diverse insect orders are the Coleoptera, with 28,200 species of beetles and weevils, the Lepidoptera with 20,816 species[citation needed] including butterflies and moths,and around 14,800 species of Hymenoptera,
Слайд 11Invasive species
Introduction of exotic fauna in Australia by design, accident and natural
Invasive species
Introduction of exotic fauna in Australia by design, accident and natural
Rabbits render land economically useless by eating everything.
Red foxes affect local endemic fauna by predation while the cane toad poisons the predators by being eaten.
The invasive species include birds (Indian mynah) and fish (common carp), insects (red imported fire ant) and molluscs (Asian mussel). The problem is compounded by invasive exotic flora as well as introduced diseases, fungi and parasites.
Costly, laborious and time-consuming efforts at control of these species has met with little success and this continues to be a major problem area in the conservation of Australia's biodiversity.
Many of the introduced species are not regulated through wildlife services and can be regularly hunted year-round.