Ecological crisis

Ecological crisis - is a critical state of the environment that threatens human existence and reflects a mismatch between the development of productive forces and industrial relations.

An environmental crisis can be:
- global (a tense state of relations between humanity and nature, characterized by the discrepancy between the development of productive forces and production relations in human society and the resource and environmental capabilities of the biosphere);
-local;

Types of environmental crises:
Crisis of the appropriating economy: gathering and primitive hunting (originated in connection with the depletion of natural reserves of fruits and edible plants, with the destruction of small animals in the habitats of ancient people);

The crisis associated with the reinterpretation of large animals (occurred at the end of the ice age, when large animals began to disappear – woolly rhinoceros, cave bear, mammoth);

The crisis that occurred in the areas of ancient irrigated agriculture (due to the complete destruction of forests, excessive load of livestock and primitive agriculture on the soil, which caused their accelerated erosion and salinization);

Ecological disaster is an irreversible change in natural complexes associated with the mass death of living organisms. (Chernobyl disaster, the accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant, the explosion of an oil platform in the Gulf of Mexico).

Natural resources
components and properties of the natural environment that are used or can be used to meet the diverse physical and spiritual needs of human society.

Exhaustible minerals:
Renewable natural resources (soil, fresh groundwater, active water exchange zones, vegetation and wildlife);
Non-renewable (coal, oil, i.e. resources that are not regenerated or restored hundreds of times slower than they are spent);

Inexhaustible minerals:
Climatic resources (atmospheric air, wind energy);
Cosmic resources (solar radiation and tidal energy);
Water resources (waters of the oceans);

Aspects of nature protection:
Economic and economic aspect (the most important aspect of nature conservation, as any products consumed by people are created by spending natural resources);

Socio-political aspect (the results of human impact on nature depend not only on the development of technological progress and population growth, but also on the social conditions in which they are manifested. Developing countries serve as an important source of raw materials for developed countries that seek to locate their extractive industries, use
their mineral and
agricultural
raw);

Health aspect (pollution of the environment with harmful substances causes great damage to human health, in this regard, the health aspect of nature protection becomes extremely important);

Aesthetic aspect (nature is a source not only of material goods, but also of satisfying the aesthetic needs of man, which are no less important). Therefore special attention should be paid to the protection of aesthetic valuable places of the Earth);

Educational aspect (love of nature develops positive character traits in a person: kindness, careful attitude, patriotism, etc.);

Scientific and educational aspect (it is connected with the need to preserve natural territories undisturbed by man for research; the study of nature makes it possible to find out the regularities of changes made to nature by human activity, to make forecasts of these changes, and to develop practical measures for nature protection);

Principles and rules of nature protection:
All natural phenomena have multiple meanings for humans and must be evaluated from all points of view (in other words each phenomenon should be approached taking into account the interests of different sectors of the economy and the preservation of the regenerative forces of nature itself);

When using natural resources it is necessary to follow the rule of regionality (it is necessary to take into account the use of mineral resources, water resources, forests and wildlife);
protection of one natural object can mean simultaneously protection of other objects closely related to it (e.g. protection of a reservoir from pollution => protection of animals living in it);

Список использованной лит-ры:
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DD%EA%EE%EB%EE%E3%E8%F7%E5%F1%EA%E8%E9_%EA%F0%E8%E7%E8%F1
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0
В.М. Константинов, Ю.Б. Челидзе уч.пособие «Экологические основы природопользования»