Influence of the industrial revolution

Influence of the Industrial revolution
Rise of factory system
Development of machine tools
Iron, glass and steel production
Sustained growth of income and population
New societal structure and relations
Urbanization

Crystal Palace, Sir Joseph Paxton, 1851

Crystal Palace, The Great Exhibition opening

Eclecticism as a new way of understanding ‘creativity’
The Architect’s dream, Thomas Cole, 1840

The main types of buildings:
Profitable houses
Theatres
Banks
Museums
Trading passages
Libraries
Railway stations
Educational facilities

Neo-Greek (Greek revival)
The British Museum, Robert Smirke

Distinctive features:
Flat walls
Geometrical strictness of forms
Reproduction of classic Greek monuments
Colonnade
Order decoration

Neo-Renaissance
Gallery of Vittorio Emanuele II, Giuseppe Mengoni, Milan

Details of the Renaissance style overlapped on the elevations of the buildings
Large scales of the details
Plaster decorations

Neo-Baroque (Beaux-Arts)
Longchamp Palace, Marseille, Henri Jacques Esperandieu

Arched openings and doors
Classic architectural details – balustrades, pilasters
Decorated garlands and cornices
Expressive mascarons
Multicolor paintings, frescoes, mosaics

Neo-Gothic (Gothic revival)
City Hall, Vienna

Orientalism
Neo-Byzantine
Neo-Mauritian
Chinoisery

Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Alexander Pomerantsev, Sofia

Triumphal arch in Barcelona

Sir William Chambers’ pagoda, Royal Botanic Gardens, London