National symbols of the Russian Federation

Official national symbols of the Russian Federation :
flag
coat of arms
anthem

Coat of Arms of Russia
The coat of arms of Russia is: a red heraldic shield with a golden double-headed eagle holding up its unfurled wings. The eagle is crowned with two small crowns and-above them-one large crown, connected by a ribbon. In the right paw of the eagle is holding the scepter, the left — power. On the breast of the eagle, in a red shield, is a silver rider on a horse, striking.

Coat of Arms of Russia
The coat of arms of Russia is: a red heraldic shield with a golden double-headed eagle holding up its unfurled wings. The eagle is crowned with two small crowns and-above them-one large crown, connected by a ribbon. In the right paw of the eagle is holding the scepter, the left — power. On the breast of the eagle, in a red shield, is a silver rider on a horse, striking.

Coat of Arms of Russia
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Double-headed eagle symbolizes the continuity of Russian cultural traditions of the Byzantine Empire — the Eastern Roman Empire ("Moscow-the Third Rome"), because this element of the Russian coat of arms was a crest Palaeologus, the last dynasty of Byzantine emperors. The two heads of the Russian eagle are often interpreted as a symbol of Russia's bilateral policy, directed both to the West and to the East .It is a symbol of the unification and unity of the Russian lands.The golden color of the eagle in the heraldic tradition is a symbol of greatness and wealth.
The Three crowns originally meant the three attached kingdoms: Kazan, Astrakhan, Siberian. In modern terms, crowns denote three levels of government (federal, regional, and municipal), or three branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial).
The scepter and the derzhava in the eagle's paws represent the strength of the state and the unity of the state.
St. George the Victorious is a symbol of the victory of good over evil, the protection of the Fatherland

History of the origin of the Coat of arms of Russia
Coat of Arms of Russia in 1497
Seal of Tsar Ivan III 1497
The process of uniting the disparate principalities began before John III. It was his father, Vasily II Vasilyevich (reigned from 1435 to 1462), who began the process of uniting the Russian lands.
Under John III of Moscow, the principality finally gained strength and subdued Pskov, Novgorod, and Ryazan. Tver during this period is greatly diminished as the center of the unification of the lands.

John III wisely adopted for Russia the symbolic coat of arms of the Byzantine Empire: a black double – headed eagle on a yellow field and combined it with the Moscow coat of arms-a rider (St. George) in white clothes on a white horse, striking a serpent. State coat of arms, according to state law, recognized symbol of the visible hallmark of the state itself, emblematic depicted on the state seal, on the coin, on the banner, etc..
Due to the use of king John III of the Byzantine coat of arms together with the seals on the internal and external state acts, preserved since 1497, the year is considered the year of adoption and the confluence of the emblem of the Byzantine Empire with the coat of arms of the Russian Empire
Thus, the coat of arms appeared at the time of the appearance of the modern Russian state.

Flag of the Russian Federation
The national flag of the Russian Federation is a rectangular panel of three horizontal stripes: the upper one is white, the middle one is blue, and the lower one is red.

The meaning of the colors of the flag of the Russian Federation:
white — nobility, frankness, purity;
blue — loyalty, honesty, integrity and chastity;
red — courage, courage, generosity and love.

History of the Russian flag
During the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (the second half of the XVII century), the number of banners with non-church subjects, such as the coat of arms, increased. An important starting point in the history of the three-stripe flag was the construction in 1667 under the leadership of the Dutchman D. Butler of a ship called "Eagle". This vessel was intended to protect the Persian merchants during their trading expeditions along the Caspian and Volga rivers. During the construction, Butler stated the need for fabrics for ship banners of the colors that the king would indicate. At the same time, Butler noted in his petition that it is customary to use those colors that are considered state/ The request of the Dutchman was granted: he was sent in the right amount of "worm, white, azure" kindyak and taffeta (fabrics popular in old Russia). These flags, like the ship itself, did not last long, but the knowledge of them was preserved and led to the further use of these colors by Peter the Great.

Speaking about the era of Peter and his reforms, it is impossible not to mention his passion for navigation, shipbuilding and military affairs in general. And since in the past flags and banners were a military and seafaring attribute, they quickly came to the attention of Peter.In the early years, the king used the banners of his father, or created new ones similar to the old ones. When Peter, being in Arkhangelsk, first came to the sea, he noticed the flags of foreign ships that were at that time in the port. The German, Dutch, and English banners were different from those in use in Russia: they were bright and did not contain any images or titles.
In the future, he sailed under the tricolor flag of the usual colors for us, while the blue field was depicted with the coat of arms. In the end, the tsar's decree of January 20, 1705, declared that a three-lane white-blue-red canvas should be raised on merchant and other civilian ships. The analogue of the national flag in those days was a golden banner with a black double-headed eagle. The eagle's heads were crowned with three crowns, and in the corners were placed maps of the four seas in which Russian ships plied. The same colors (black and yellow) were preserved in the ceremonial after the death of the first Russian emperor, and were declared state by the Empress Anna Ioannovna

In 1858, Alexander II implemented a reform in the treatment of state symbols in order to strengthen the monarchy. Among other changes, the Tsar-Liberator established that all banners, flags and other attributes necessary for celebrations should be made in the state colors, which are arranged in a certain order: a black stripe on top, a yellow (golden) stripe in the middle, and a white stripe on the bottom.
Emperor Alexander III, issued an order to use the white-blue-red flag during the holidays. But despite this, the black, yellow and white colors were not completely abandoned at that time.
The young Emperor Nicholas II finally resolved this issue in 1896, while preparing for his coronation. To unite the people in a difficult period for Russia, it was decided to declare a single flag for all occasions, a white-blue-red three-lane canvas.

After the coup of 1917, the tricolor banner was forgotten for a long time. The new authorities declared the red banner — a symbol of freedom and the communist struggle-a state flag. This was legalized in the first Constitution of the RSFSR in 1918. The tricolor after the overthrow of the monarchy was a symbol of the White Army, and was also used by the" Russian LiberationArmy " of General Vlasov, who fought against the Soviet troops during the Second World War.
The end of the Soviet era in 1991 marked the return of the three-stripe flag. On August 22, 1991, the tricolor (white, azure and scarlet) was declared the National Flag of the Russian Federation. In turn, in the Presidential Decrees of 1993-1994, this banner was called to be considered a state symbol, and the colors were designated by other names: white, blue and red. history of the Russian flag

National Anthem of the Russian Federation
The "National Anthem of the Russian Federation" was approved by the decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 2110 of 30.12.2000 of Vladimir Putin and was first performed on state television on the night of January 1, 2001.
The music of the Russian anthem is the same as that of the anthem of the Soviet Union in 1944 (with differences in the arrangement), its author is the composer Alexander Alexandrov, the author of the words of the modern text of the anthem (2000) is the poet Sergei Mikhalkov.
The Russian national anthem is considered to be one of the most beautiful, powerful and inspiring anthems in the world.