УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ВРЕМЁН

THE PRESENT SIMPLE
Утвердительная форма
I work I work every day
He
She works He works every day
It
We
You work We work every day
They

THE PRESENT SIMPLE
Отрицательная форма
I do not (don’t) work every day
He
She does not (doesn’t) work every day
It
We
You do not (don’t) work every day
They

THE PRESENT SIMPLE
Вопросительная форма
Do I work every day?
Does he / she / it work every day?
Do we / you / they work every day?

THE PRESENT SIMPLE
Глагол to be в утвердительной форме
I am I am (I’m) busy every day
He
She is He is (he’s) busy every day
It
We
You are We are busy every day
They

THE PRESENT SIMPLE
Глагол to be в отрицательной форме
I am not I am not (I’m not) busy every day
He
She is not He is not(isn’t) busy every day
It
We
You are not We are not (aren’t) busy every day
They

THE PRESENT SIMPLE
Глагол to be в вопросительной форме
Am I busy today?
Is he / she / it busy today?
Are we / you / they busy today?

THE PRESENT SIMPLE
Случаи употребления
Для регулярно повторяющихся действий (сопровождаются обстоятельствами времени often, always, usually, sometimes, never, every day, as a rule):
She often plays the piano.
She goes to the cinema once a month.
I never watch TV.

THE PRESENT SIMPLE
Для общеизвестных фактов, объективных процессов в природе:
The sun sets in the west.
The Earth goes round the Sun.
Summer follows spring.

THE PRESENT SIMPLE
Для действий, протекающих в течение длительного периода времени (постоянные действия, привычки):
She works as a teacher.
She lives in Minsk.
She goes in for sport.
She sleeps a lot.

THE PRESENT SIMPLE
Для будущих действий в придаточных предложениях времени и условия после союзов when, after, before, as soon as, until, if, etc.):
If the weather is good, we’ll go for a walk.
I’ll phone you as soon as I get to London.
I’ll help you when I finish my work.

THE PRESENT SIMPLE
Для запланированных событий согласно расписанию, графику:
The flight leaves at 2 p.m. (according to the timetable)
The film starts at 8 p.m. (according to the programme)
My lessons are over at 12 p.m. (according to the timetable)

THE PRESENT SIMPLE
Для действий, выраженных глаголами состояния:
Do you recognize me?
I prefer dogs to cats.
Do you know this man?
This car belongs to me.
I want something to drink.
They have a big house.

THE PRESENT SIMPLE
Для спортивных комментариев, инструкций:
Malkin serves to Crosby.
Now I peel the apples, slice them and put into the bowl.

THE PRESENT SIMPLE
NOTA BENE
The Present Simple употребляется в выражениях Here comes …, There goes … :
Look – here comes your mum.
There goes our bus. We’ll have to wait for the next.

THE PRESENT SIMPLE
NOTA BENE
The Present Simple часто употребляется вместо the Past Simple и the Present Perfect в выражениях I hear … , I see … :
I hear Sue is getting married.
I see there’s been unrest in Belfast again.

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Утвердительная форма
I am
He is
She is
It is + working
We are
You are
They are

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
I am working in the garden
He / She is working in the garden
We are working in the garden
You are working in the garden
They are working in the garden

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Отрицательная форма
I am not
She is not
He is not
It is not + working
We are not
You are not
They are not

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Вопросительная форма
Am I
Is he
Is she
Is it + working ?
Are we
Are you
Are they

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Cлучаи употребления
Для действий, происходящих в момент речи или в настоящий период времени (не в момент разговора):
Pete is sleeping now.
It is raining at the moment.
We are discussing the English tenses now.
They are building a new house now.

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Для выражения изменяющегося либо развивающегося действия или ситуации:
The population is rising very fast.
My English is getting better.
It is becoming cold.

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Для обозначения временного действия:
Now she is living in Minsk.
I am walking to work this week, because my car is out of order.

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Для обозначения часто повторяющегося действия, которое вызывает раздражение, недовольство (с наречиями always, constantly, forever):
You are always losing your things!
She is constantly complaining!

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Для выражения планов на ближайшее будущее:
I am meeting my aunt at the station tomorrow.
She is leaving for Moscow next week.

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Для настоящих действий, которые протекают параллельно друг другу. Два параллельных действия связываются при помощи союзов while и as:
Jane is cooking while I am laying the table.
I am reading a book while my sister is doing her homework.

NOTA BENE
State
The flowers smell nice.
The parcel weighs 10 kg.
She has a dog.
I think you are right.
The soup tastes good.
I see you’ve made a mistake.
Event
She is smelling the flowers.
We are weighing the parcel.
She is having dinner.
I am thinking about your words.
She is tasting the soup to see if it has enough salt.
I am seeing the doctor tomorrow.

THE PRESENT PERFECT
Утвердительная форма
Утвердительная форма

THE PRESENT PERFECT
Отрицательная форма

THE PRESENT PERFECT
Вопросительная форма
Have I
Has he
Has she
Has it + worked
Have we
Have you
Have they

THE PRESENT PERFECT
Случаи употребления
Для действий, завершившихся до какого-то момента в настоящем. Виден результат действия.
Обстоятельства времени, являющиеся индикаторами the Present Perfect:
ever, never, already, just, lately, before, so far, up to now, this week, yet; How many / much …?

THE PRESENT PERFECT
They have just come back.
Has your brother left school yet?
I have not done my homework yet.
I have already done my homework.
I have never been to London.
Have you ever been to London?
How many English books have you read?
I have read few English so far / up to now.

THE PRESENT PERFECT
Для действий, начавшихся в прошлом и продолжающихся до сих пор.
Обстоятельства времени, являющиеся индикаторами the Present Perfect:
since, for; Since when …? How long …?
How long have you known him?
Since when have you known him?
I have known him since childhood.
I have known him for 20 years.

THE PRESENT PERFECT
В конструкциях
It is the first (second / last) time + the Present perfect:
It is the second time I have seen this film.
It is the best + noun + the Present perfect:
It is the best film I have ever seen.

THE PRESENT PERFECT
for (=period of time)
How long..?
I have lived here for 20 years.
I haven’t eaten anything for 4 hours.
since(=starting point)
Since when..?
I have lived here since 1981.
I haven’t eaten anything since morning.

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Утвердительная форма
I
We
You have been working
They
He
She has been working
It

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Отрицательная форма
I
We
You have not been working
They
He
She has not been working
It

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Вопросительная форма
Have I
Has he
Has she
Has it + been working ?
Have we
Have you
Have they

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Случаи употребления
Для действий, начавшихся в прошлом, и длящихся до сих пор.
Обстоятельства времени, являющиеся индикаторами the Present Perfect Continuous:
since, for; Since when …? How long …?
We have been sitting here for 2 hours.
We have been sitting here since 2 o’clock.

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Для действий, которые длились до настоящего момента, закончились, но имеется видимый результат данных действий:
My eyes are red. I have been crying.
She is out of breath. She has been running.
His jacket is torn. He has been fighting.

NOTA BENE
I have been learning irregular verbs all day long. (учила)
I have been painting the room since morning. (красил)
I have been living in Minsk for 3 years. (живу)
He has been smoking for 2 years.
I have learnt irregular verbs. (выучила)
I have painted 2 rooms since morning. (покрасил)
I have lived in Minsk for 20 years. (прожил)
He has not smoked for 2 years.

THE PAST SIMPLE
Утвердительная форма
I
He
She
It + worked / knew
We
You
They

THE PAST SIMPLE
Отрицательная форма
I
He
She
It + did not (didn’t) work
We
You
They

THE PAST SIMPLE
Вопросительная форма
I
he
she
Did it + work?
we you
they

THE PAST SIMPLE
Случаи употребления
Для действий, которые произошли в некоторый момент времени в прошлом (время указывается или подразумевается):
Обстоятельства времени: yesterday, last week, long ago, the other day, once, then, in May, in 1978, in childhood, etc.
Yesterday I got up at 7 o’clock.
I went to Poland in May.

THE PAST SIMPLE
Для обозначения последовательных действий в прошлом:
I got up at 7 o’clock, washed myself and had breakfast.
Для регулярно повторяющихся действий в прошлом:
I often played football in my childhood.
I read a lot of books at school.

THE PAST SIMPLE
Для действий, которые регулярно совершались в прошлом, но больше не совершаются в настоящем, используется оборот used to:
I used to read a lot in my childhood.
I didn’t use to read much in my childhood.
Did you use to read a lot in your childhood?

THE PAST CONTINUOUS
Утвердительная форма
I was
He was
She was
It was + working
We were
You were
They were

THE PAST CONTINUOUS
I was working in the garden
He / She was working in the garden
We were working in the garden
You were working in the garden
They were working in the garden

THE PAST CONTINUOUS
Отрицательная форма
I was
He was
She was
It was + not working
We were
You were
They were

THE PAST CONTINUOUS
Вопросительная форма
Was I
Was he
Was she
Was it + working …?
Were we
Were you
Were they

THE PAST CONTINUOUS
Случаи употребления
Для действий, длившихся в определённое время в прошлом.
Обстоятельства времени: at 5 o’clock, from 3 to 4, at that time yesterday.
I was reading a book from 2 to 4 yesterday.
I was reading a book at 7 o’clock yesterday.

THE PAST CONTINUOUS
Для ситуаций, в которых одно действие произошло в ходе развития или на фоне другого действия. Действие, которое развивалось, передаётся при помощи the Past Continuous:
We were walking in the park when we met our old friend.
I dropped a bag when I was running for a bus.

THE PAST CONTINUOUS
Для прошлых действий, которые происходили параллельно друг другу. Два параллельных действия связываются при помощи союзов while и as:
Jane was cooking while I was laying the table.
I was reading a book while my sister was doing her homework.

THE PAST PERFECT
Утвердительная форма
I
He
She
It + had worked
We had known
You
They

THE PAST PERFECT
Отрицательная форма
He
She
It + had not worked
We + had not known
You
They

THE PAST PERFECT
Вопросительная форма
I
he
she + worked?
Had it + known?
we
you
they

THE PAST PERFECT
Случаи употребления
Для действий, завершившихся до определённого момента в прошлом.
Обстоятельства времени: by (5 o’clock), before, after.
They had finished the work by 3 o’clock.
I came to the station after the train had left.
Had they left before the trouble started?

THE PAST PERFECT
В конструкциях hardly … when, no sooner … than:
Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang.
We had no sooner started than it began raining.

THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Утвердительная форма
I
He
She
It + had been working
We
You
They

THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Отрицательная форма
I
He
She
It + had not been working
We
You
They

THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Вопросительная форма
I
he
she
Had it + been working …?
we
you
they

THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Случаи употребления
Для действий, начавшихся до определённого момента в прошлом и длящихся некоторое время. Обстоятельства времени, являющиеся индикаторами the Past Perfect Continuous:
since, for; How long …?
How long had you been living here before you bought a house?
I had been living here for a year before I bought the house.

THE FUTURE SIMPLE
Утвердительная форма
I
he
she
it + will work
we you
they

THE FUTURE SIMPLE
Отрицательная форма
I
he
she
it + will not (won’t) work
we
you
they

THE FUTURE SIMPLE
Вопросительная форма
I
he
she
Will it + work …?
we
you
they

THE FUTURE SIMPLE
Случаи употребления
Для действий, которые произойдут в какой-то момент времени в будущем.
Обстоятельства времени:tomorrow, tonight, the day after tomorrow, next week, soon, in a year, in summer, in 2016.
I will arrive at my hotel at 6 o’clock tomorrow.

THE FUTURE SIMPLE
Для обозначения неизбежного действия в будущем, на которое нельзя повлиять:
I will be 18 next year.
The temperature will fall to -10 C tomorrow.

THE FUTURE SIMPLE
Для действий, решение о выполнении которых принято в момент речи:
This bag is heavy. I will help you with it.
It looks like rain. I will take my umbrella.
There is no bread at home. I will buy some bread.

THE FUTURE SIMPLE
В сочетании с выражениями предположения, сомнения, вероятности после think, expect, believe, be sure, be afraid, probably, perhaps:
I expect he will want to stay at the best hotel.
I think Tom won’t pass his exam. He hasn’t studied much.

THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Утвердительная форма
I
he
she
it + will be working we
you
they

THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Отрицательная форма
I
he
she
it + will not be working
we
you
they

THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Вопросительная форма
I
he
she
Will it + be working …?
we
you
they

THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Случаи употребления
Для действий, которые будут происходить в точное время в будущем.
Обстоятельства времени:at 5 o’clock, from 5 to 6 o’clock:
She will be doing her homework from 5 to 7 o’clock.

THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS
В вопросах о планах собеседника, если спрашивающий хочет, чтобы отвечающий что-то для него сделал:
Will you be passing the post office on the way home?
Will you be using your computer tonight?

THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Для предполагаемых действий в будущем (которые запланированы):
This time next week I will be going to Paris.
This time tomorrow I will be taking my exam.

THE FUTURE PERFECT
Утвердительная форма
I
he
she
it + will have worked we
you
they

THE FUTURE PERFECT
Отрицательная форма
I
he
she
it + will not have worked
we
you
they

THE FUTURE PERFECT
Вопросительная форма
I
he
she
Will it + have worked …?
we
you
they

THE FUTURE PERFECT
Случаи употребления
Для действий, которые завершатся до определённого момента времени в будущем.
Обстоятельства времени:by 5 o’clock, when, before:
I will have finished my work by 4 o’clock.
I will have finished my work before he comes.

THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Утвердительная форма
I
he
she
it + will have been working
we
you
they

THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Отрицательная форма
I
he
she
it + will not have been working
we
you
they

THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Вопросительная форма
I
he
she
Will it + have been working …?
we
you
they

THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Случаи употребления
Для действий, которые будут длиться какое-то время до определённого момента времени в будущем. Обстоятельства времени: by 5 o’clock, for 2 hours:
By the end of the day I will have been reading this book for 4 hours.
By 2016 she will have been teaching English for 30 years.

Put in the verbs in brackets in
the Past Simple
Last summer Jane and Pete (visit) _________ their granny. She (live) ________ in a little house in Oxford. The weather (be) _________ nice and children (have) _________ a lot of fun. One day they (see) _________ a little dog in the street. They (take) _________ the dog home and (call) __________ it Nancy. Nancy (be) _________ very kind and clever. They (play) ___________ together every day. When Pete’s ball (get lost) ______ _______ she (find) _______ it and Pete (be) ______ very happy. Autumn (come) _________ and the children (go back) _________ to London. They (can not) ________ take Nancy with them to their little flat, so Nancy (stay) _________ with Granny. The children often (think) _________ about Nancy and (want) _________to visit her. One morning Jane (look) _________ out the window and (see) _________ Nancy. She (find) __________ them and (come) _________with a present. In her mouth she (have) _________ Pete’s old trainer.

Put in the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple
Last summer Jane and Pete visited their granny. She lived in a little house in Oxford. The weather was nice and children had a lot of fun. One day they saw a little dog in the street. They took the dog home and called it Nancy. Nancy was very kind and clever. They played together every day. When Pete’s ball got lost she found it and Pete was very happy. Autumn came and the children went back to London. They couldn’t take Nancy with them to their little flat, so Nancy stayed with Granny. The children often thought about Nancy and wanted to visit her. One morning Jane looked out the window and saw Nancy. She found them and came with a present. In her mouth she had Pete’s old trainer.

Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную форму глагола.
Julia ____________ (be) my best friend, but we are not friends any more.
I gave up smoking one year ago. I _____________ (smoke) two packets of cigarettes a day.
Chris ____________ (live) in a small flat, but now he lives in a big house.
Andrew _____________ (drink) milk every day when he was a child.

Ann _____________ (eat) at home, but now she eats out.
I _____________ (not/like) meat, but now I am not a vegetarian.
She ______________ (cry) a lot when she was younger.
_____________ (you/go) to work on foot?
He ______________ (not/watch) news, but now he watches it every day.
Peter _____________ (earn) a lot, but now he is unemployed.

Open the brackets. Use the Present Continuous or Present Indefinite.
Use the Present Simple or the Present Continuous
He (to listen) to a tape but he (to wear) earphones so nobody else (to hear) it.
This coffee (to taste) bitter.
Why you (to smell) the milk? It (to smell) sour?
These shoes (to belong) to you?
Who is that man? What he (to want)?
Who is that man? Why he (to look) at us?
She (to taste) the pudding to see if it is sweet enough.
You (to know) the girl who lives next door?
Don't put the dictionary away. I (to need) it.

Open the brackets. Use either the Past Continuous or Past Indefinite. Sally (to burn) her wrist when she (to cook) the dinner.
Last night I (to read) in bed when suddenly I (to hear) a cry.
We (not to go) out because it (to rain).
One day I (to play) by the big window in our front room where I used to sit on wet days looking at the rain.
When Sid (to be) young, he (to work) from morning till night.
While he (to read) aloud, I (to write) a letter to my friend.
Last night my neighbours (to shout) for hours and I couldn't get to sleep.
The whole day yesterday Nick (to get) ready for his report.
What you (to do) at this time yesterday?
The phone still (to ring) when I (to rush) into the room.