Good writing is rewriting. Essays

The writing process
A)Prewriting:
1.Plan
2.Brainstorm
3.Generate lists
4.Answer questions
5.Come up with ideas to write about
B) Rough Draft:
recognize and record ideas.
C) Self-Editing/ Peer Revising:
gain insight and understanding of
your rough draft by first rewriting it
yourself and then with a peer.
D) Final Draft:
use the peer revision and
New ideas to create a final draft.

Follow these steps of working on an outline
Place the title above the outline.
Do not use the terms “Introduction,” “Body,” and “Conclusion “
in the outline.
Number main headings with Roman numerals.
Indent subtopics so that all corresponding letters or numbers
are in a vertical line.
Never allow a subtopic to stand alone; use two or more
subtopics.
Begin each topic and subtopic with a capital letter.
If the first main topic is a noun, the other main topics must
also be noun.

MAIN PARTS OF AN ESSAY
The introduction
The body
The conclusion

THE INTRODUCTION
may consist of a single sentence or a whole paragraph
should catch the reader’s interest.
USEFUL LANGUAGE:
state the topic /problem
-Is too much emphasis placed on……?
- Nowadays, we are often told …… Every day… There is no doubt that……..
- Over the past few years,……. Are you among those who……..? Why has……become…?
-The British poet…once said that “….”
- There are various facts that support this opinion.
To express opinion
- In my opinion……… I believe………. It seems to me…… The way I see it……..

THE BODY
The body fulfils the purpose expressed in the introduction.
It may consist of only a few paragraphs .
A good paragraph develops a single idea.
It must contain enough details to develop its idea fully.
To introduce points
The main / most important / greatest advantage of……is that……
Another advantage/ disadvantage of…… A further advantage/ disadvantage of……
One point of view in favour of / against… The best/ worst thing about……is………
To list points
In the first place… First of all……… To start with… To begin with…
Secondly… Thirdly…… Finally……… Last but not least………
To add more points to the same topic
What is more… Furthermore ……. Moreover………
In addition to this…. Besides……… Apart from this……….
To make contrasting points
on the other hand …… however…… in spite of the fact that ……… despite the fact that………
while……nevertheless… even though…… although…. it can be argued that………
To introduce examples
- for example……… for instance… such as…….. in particular…………
USEFUL LANGUAGE

THE CONCLUSION
It has two main functions:
-rounds out your treatment of your subject
-tells your reader that you have finished.
Since the conclusion is your last word to the reader, it
is important that it emphasizes the main point that your
paper is supposed to make.
There are several good ways of doing this:
by summarizing the main idea of the paper
by repeating in different words the main stated in the introduction
by making a significant proposal.
To conclude
to sum up…….. all in all ……….. all things considered….... on the whole……….
in conclusion ……… taking everything into account………/ as was previously stated
All in all, I still feel that the benefits of ……..outweigh the disadvantages.
USEFUL LANGUAGE

Вот наиболее важные средства логической связи.
If you want to give an example, you can use
For example
For instance
If you want to add information, use
And
In addition
Also
Too
Moreover
Besides
If you want to summarize, use
In short
In summary
To summarize
To conclude
In conclusion
If you want to sequence ideas, use
Firstly, secondly, finally
The first point is
Lastly
The following
If you want to contrast ideas, write
But (is not used in the beginning of a sentence)
However(it is used in the beginning of a sentence)
Although / even though
Despite / despite the fact that
In spite of / in spite of the fact that
Nevertheless