History Morocco's struggle for independence

Introduction
The National Movement for Demanding Reforms
The National Movement for Independence
The fedayeen Movement
The stages of Morocco completing its territorial integrity
Conclusion

After the imposition of the French and Spanish protections on Morocco in 1912, armed resistance began throughout Morocco, but the unequal military and financial power contributed to the elimination of the Moroccan resistance, so that the Moroccan national movement for independence and the completion of their territorial integrity was launched.
Introduction

THE NATIONAL MOVEMENT FOR DEMANDING REFORMS (1930-1943)
- In the French Protectorate: the establishment of the National Action Bloc party as a reaction against the Barbarian Dahir in 1930, when France was pressured to accept reforms through his two papers: “The People’s Action + Magazine Al Maghrib”.
- In the Spanish Protection Zone: the establishment of the National Reform Party + the Moroccan Unity Party, which demanded comprehensive reforms in Spain.
*orange color represent the French protectorate zone
*yellow one is the Spanish Protectorate zone

The Moroccan national movement presented various reform demands throughout the thirties, but it did not receive a response from the French and Spanish protection authorities, and on the basis of that, the work of the national movement moved from demanding reforms to demanding independence, taking advantage of the various circumstances that prevailed during the 1940s.
Sultan Muhammad V took advantage of the Anfa Conference in 1943 , to present the Moroccan question to the American President Roosevelt, who promised him to help Morocco obtain its independence after World War I, and this was a factor in changing the national movement’s approach by issuing The document calling for independence on January 11 , 1944 .
*Anfa Conference
National Movement for Independence (1944-1952)
*The document calling for independence

FEDAYEEN MOVEMENT (1953-1956)
As a result of Sultan Mehmed V’s refusal to submit to the orders of public residence + his cooperation with the national movement and his explicit support for it during the throne speech on November 19,1952, the protection authorities plotted against him and deported him to Madagascar.
The start of Fedayeen operations in all regions of Morocco, and it did not end until Muhammad V returned from Madagascar on November 16, 1956 .

Muhammad V was exiled to Corsica on August 20,1953 , and in late January 1954 they were transferred to Madagascar.
Morocco brought the case to the United Nations and forced the French authorities to negotiate with the authorities and leaders of the movement in the city of Aix les Bains on August 27 ,1954.
The Sultan and the Royal Family leave Madagascar to France and conduct final negotiations in Saint Cloud on October 30, 1955 .
Morocco’s independence and the return of His Majesty Mohammed V to the homeland on November 16, 1955.
France’s recognition of Morocco’s independence on March 2, 1956.
Spain’s recognition of Morocco’s retaking of the northern part on April 17, 1956.
The Moroccans rejected the new sultan،went out in mass demonstrations, the increase in fedayeen operations،and sabotage of colonial installations.
*The return of His Majesty

THE STAGES OF MOROCCO COMPLETING ITS TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY
The recuperation of Tangiers in 1956.
The recupertion of Tarfaya province on April 10,1958.
The recuperation of Sidi Ifni province on June 30 ,1969 .
The recuperation of Sakia El Hamra on November 6 ,1975 .
The recuperation of Oued Ed-Dahab on August 14,1979.
350,000 Moroccan men and women took part in a peaceful, popular green march towards the Sakia El Hamra regions in the Moroccan Sahara and liberated it from the Spanish occupation

*The green march