CHAIR OF PEDIATRICTS WITH MEDICAL GENETICS
Anatomy- physiological features of hypophysis Hypophysis is located at the depression of Turkish saddle. At adults its weight is not more then 0,8g. In clinical practice sizes of hypophysis is measured by the sizes of Turkish saddle (its maximal size is 15 mm, at 1-year old child – 5 mm). There are 3 lobes: Front and medium (adenohypophysis) – STH, ACTH, TTH, FSH, LH, LTH, MSH. Back (neurohypophysis) – oxytocin, vasopressin. Diseases related to pathology of adenohypophysis include: gigantism, acromegalia, Cushing's syndrome, hypophyseal nanism, tumors of front lobe. STH – is the main stimulator of growth. It activates synthesis of ACTH, it assists the insulin secretion, stimulates growth of cartilaginous cells, osteogenesis, formation of new capillaries. In the night STH is secreted on 60% more then during day. At physical load and hypoglycemia STH production increases also. Except STH, thyroid hormones, insulin, sex hormones influence on the growth also. STH insufficiency causes decrease of somatomedin and insulin- like growth factors in liver, kidneys and other organs. Based on this secretion of gonadoliberins, TTH, ACTH or the compliant releasing- hormones decrease, that causes the reduction of functions of thyroid gland, epinephros and gonads.
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