ADVICE, NECESSITY, REQUESTS, SUGGESTIONS

CONTENTS
13-1 Using should
13-2 Using have + infinitive (have to/has to)
13-3 Using must
13-4 Polite questions: may I, could I, and can I
13-5 Polite questions: could you and would you
13-6 Imperative sentences
13-7 Modal auxiliaries
13-8 Summary chart: modal auxiliaries and similar… 13-9 Using let’s

My hair is very long.
I should cut it.
USING SHOULD

I should cut it.
(a) My hair is very long.
(b) Allen is hungry.
(c) You are tired.
He should eat lunch.
You should go home.
should = This is a good idea.
(advice)
USING SHOULD

(d)
should + simple form of verb
I
You
She
He
It
We
They
should go.
USING SHOULD

He should goes.
(d) He should go.
?
He should to go.
?
should + simple form of verb
USING SHOULD

(e) You should not go out in the rain.
You will get wet.
NEGATIVE: should not
(f) You shouldn’t go out in the rain.
CONTRACTION: should + not = shouldn’t
USING SHOULD

Your books are due.
You should ______________.
wash them
call your mother
go to the library
try harder
learn to drive
stop smoking
Let’s Practice

Your clothes are dirty.
You should ___________.
wash them
call your mother
go to the library
try harder
learn to drive
stop smoking
Let’s Practice

Smoking is not healthy.
You should _____________.
wash them
call your mother
go to the library
try harder
learn to drive
stop smoking
Let’s Practice

People need to drink water.
USING HAVE + INFINITIVE (HAVE TO/HAS TO)
People have to drink water.

(a) People need to drink water.
same
meaning
(b) People have to drink water.
(c) Lance needs to work.
(d) Lance has to work.
same
meaning
have + infinitive = need
USING HAVE + INFINITIVE (HAVE TO/HAS TO)

(e) I had to work yesterday.
PAST FORM: had + infinitive
USING HAVE + INFINITIVE (HAVE TO/HAS TO)

(f) Does she have to work tonight?
(g) What time do you have to work?
(h) Why did you have to work today?
QUESTION FORM:
do, does, did used with have to
USING HAVE + INFINITIVE (HAVE TO/HAS TO)

(i) I don’t have to work today.
He doesn’t have to go home.
(j) The bus was early.
We didn’t have to wait.
NEGATIVE FORM:
don’t, doesn’t, didn’t
used with have to
USING HAVE + INFINITIVE (HAVE TO/HAS TO)

The next slide contains questions that can
be answered by typing on the screen. The grey boxes accept data entry. Click on them, in any order, to answer the questions. Anything typed in the boxes will not be saved unless you purposefully save the file.
Alternately, you can have students answer orally and not display their answer.
Directions for the teacher:

(click and type)
What do you have to do next week?
Let’s Practice

(click and type)
What did you have to do
for homework yesterday?
Let’s Practice

People must sleep.
USING MUST

(a) People have to sleep.
same
meaning
(b) People must sleep.
must sleep = have to sleep
People need sleep.
USING MUST

(c) I
You
She
He
It
We
They
must study.
They must studies.
?
They must to study.
?
must
+ simple form of a verb
USING MUST

(d) You must not drink coffee
if you want to fall asleep.
must not = no choice
USING MUST

(e) You don’t have to come
to my party if you don’t
have time.
don’t have to = you have a choice
USING MUST

MUST
SHOULD
very important
necessary
no choice
good idea
not necessary
choice
(f) I must sleep tonight.
I have a test tomorrow.
(h) He must get a passport.
He is going abroad.
(g) I should sleep tonight,
but I want to watch TV.
(i) He should get a passport.
He may go abroad.
USING MUST

(j) You must take an umbrella.
It is raining very hard.
(k) You should take an umbrella. It might rain.
MUST
SHOULD
very important
necessary
no choice
good idea
not necessary
choice
USING MUST

My doctor says I ___________________.
go to the zoo
take this medicine
study mathematics
practice every day
go to medical school
speak English
must +
√
must take this medicine
Let’s Practice

To become a doctor you _________
_____________.
go to the zoo
take this medicine
study mathematics
practice every day
go to medical school
wash your clothes
must +
√
must go to
medical school
Let’s Practice

Your car is dirty. You_____________.
go to the zoo
take this medicine
study mathematics
practice every day
go to medical school
wash it
should +
√
should wash it
Let’s Practice

May I borrow your eraser?
POLITE QUESTIONS: MAY I, COULD I, AND CAN I

(a) May I borrow your eraser?
same
meaning
(asking
nicely)
(b) Could I borrow your eraser?
(c) Can I borrow your eraser?
POLITE QUESTIONS: MAY I, COULD I, AND CAN I

please
please
please
(d) May I
(e) Could I
(f) Can I
borrow your eraser?
borrow your eraser?
borrow your eraser?
please polite questions
POLITE QUESTIONS: MAY I, COULD I, AND CAN I

May I borrow
your pencil
Sure.
May I
Can I
Could I
I need to borrow a pencil.
___________________?
Let’s Practice

Can I borrow
some paper
Sure.
I need to
borrow some
paper.
May I
Can I
Could I
___________________?
Let’s Practice

Could I use
your dictionary
Sure.
I need to use
her dictionary.
May I
Can I
Could I
_________________________?
Let’s Practice

Could you please come with us?
POLITE QUESTIONS: COULD YOU AND WOULD YOU

(a) Could you (please) come with us?
(b) Would you (please) come with us?
same
meaning
Could you (please)
Would you (please)
POLITE QUESTIONS: COULD YOU AND WOULD YOU

(c) Yes, of course.
(d) Certainly.
(e) I’d be glad to.
(f) I’d be happy to.
(g) Sure.
(h) No problem.
informal
TYPICAL RESPONSES
POLITE QUESTIONS: COULD YOU AND WOULD YOU

Could you
turn down
that music
I wish she
would turn
down that
music.
Could you
Would you
Sure.
_____________________________?
Let’s Practice

Could you
Would you
Would you
turn down
that music
I wish she
would turn
down that
music.
Yes, of course.
_____________________________?
Let’s Practice

Please go outside and talk on your cell phone.
I’m working.
IMPERATIVE SENTENCES

(a) Please be quiet. I’m working.
an imperative sentence
I want you
to be quiet.
IMPERATIVE SENTENCES

(b) Stand up.
(c) Close the gate.
Imperative uses simple form of verb.
IMPERATIVE SENTENCES

(d) Don’t drive so fast.
(e) Don’t go out tonight.
don’t + simple form of verb
IMPERATIVE SENTENCES

(f) ORDERS: Come here, Jan.
(g) DIRECTIONS: Add two cups of flour.
(h) ADVICE: Don’t be upset.
(i) REQUESTS: Please give me the rake.
please
polite
request
IMPERATIVE SENTENCES

Imperative verbs
Jenna: Please go to the store.
Scott: Okay, what do we need?
Jenna: Buy some milk and bread.
Scott: Okay, but don’t start the
movie without me.
Let’s Practice

Imperative verbs
Alex: Close the gate.
Tara: Don’t worry, I will.
Alex: Please do it now.
Tara: Why?
Alex: The horse is trying to get out.
Let’s Practice

Yazid can make bread.
MODAL AUXILIARIES

can
could
may
might
must
should
will
make bread.
(a) Yazid
modal auxiliary = a helping verb
MODAL AUXILIARIES

is able to
is going to
has to
make bread.
(b) Ben
similar to modal auxiliaries
MODAL AUXILIARIES

He is not going __
the dance.
to
?
to or X
Let’s Practice

X
Can she
sing very well?
?
to or X
___
Let’s Practice

Ruth is able __
to
help.
?
to or X
Let’s Practice

She can cook.
SUMMARY CHART: MODAL AUXILIARIES AND
SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS

AUXILIARY MEANING EXAMPLE
(a) can
ability
polite
question
She can cook.
Can you please
make me dinner?
(b) could
past ability
polite
question
I couldn’t see it.
Could you please
show me?
SUMMARY CHART: MODAL AUXILIARIES AND
SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS

AUXILIARY MEANING EXAMPLE
(c) may
possibility
polite
question
It may snow.
May we see the
menu?
(d) might
possibility
It might snow.
(e) must
necessity
You must leave now.
SUMMARY CHART: MODAL AUXILIARIES AND
SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS

AUXILIARY MEANING EXAMPLE
(f) should
advisability
(good idea)
You should read
this book.
(g) will
future
happening
You will enjoy
this book.
(h) would
polite
question
Would you
please call me?
SUMMARY CHART: MODAL AUXILIARIES AND
SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS

AUXILIARY MEANING EXAMPLE
(i) be able to
ability
I’m not able to
finish this work.
(j) be going to
future
happening
I am going to study more.
past
necessity
I had to study
so much!
(k) have to/has
(l) had to
necessity
You have to
work harder.
SUMMARY CHART: MODAL AUXILIARIES AND
SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS

The next slide contains questions that can
be answered by typing on the screen. The grey boxes accept data entry. Click on them, in any order, to answer the questions. Anything typed in the boxes will not be saved unless you purposefully save the file.
Alternately, you can have students answer orally and not display their answer.
Directions for the teacher:

(click and type)
Name something you will do today.
Let’s Practice

(click and type)
You need to borrow something from
your teacher.
Ask a polite question with may.
Let’s Practice

What should we
do this weekend?
USING LET’S
Let’s go skiing!

(a) Andy: What should we do this weekend?
Beth: Let’s go on a picnic.
Andy: Great idea.
(b) Claire: I love to swim.
Sophie: Okay, let’s go swimming.
Claire: Yes, let’s go!
let’s = let us (I think we should)
USING LET’S

Let’s go out for dinner.
Don: I don’t feel like cooking.
Beth:
go to France
take a rest
do our homework
go to the gym
talk about this
go out for dinner
let’s +
√
Let’s Practice

Edith: I have never been to Europe.
Roberto:
Let’s go to France.
let’s +
√
go to France
take a rest
do our homework
go to the gym
talk about this
go out for dinner
Let’s Practice