Alternative Energy Sources

Содержание

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Alternative Energy Sources

Solar
Wind
Hydropower
Tidal Power
Biomass
Geothermal

Alternative Energy Sources Solar Wind Hydropower Tidal Power Biomass Geothermal

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Solar Power

Solar Power

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Types of Solar Power

Active

Passive

Types of Solar Power Active Passive

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Active Solar Power

Energy from sun is stored in a “thermal mass”
When needed,

Active Solar Power Energy from sun is stored in a “thermal mass”
heat from thermal mass is then pumped throughout structure

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Active Solar Power

This also refers to electrical generation using solar power
Two ways

Active Solar Power This also refers to electrical generation using solar power
to do this are photovoltaic cells and huge commercial electric facilities
This shows the diagram for the house seen in the previous slide. The PV panels are on the roof

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Large-scale Solar Electric Site

Large-scale Solar Electric Site

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Large-scale Solar Electric Site

These facilities use solar power to heat water to

Large-scale Solar Electric Site These facilities use solar power to heat water
form steam. The steam goes to generate electricity just as in fossil fuel or nuclear electric plants.
No release of air pollutants
No electricity generated at night
They do work on cloudy days, though.

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Passive Solar Power

Works on the principle that hot air rises and cool

Passive Solar Power Works on the principle that hot air rises and
air sinks (convection)
Solar heats air and it moves through convection through the structure or to thermal mass

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Passive Solar Power

Mass wall or “Trombe Wall

Using back wall as “mass”

To rest

Passive Solar Power Mass wall or “Trombe Wall Using back wall as
of house

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Solar Power

Benefits
Abundant
No greenhouse gases, few other pollutants
Simple, minimal repair needed
Cheap over the

Solar Power Benefits Abundant No greenhouse gases, few other pollutants Simple, minimal
long term

Detriments
Retrofitting needed if structure is not already designed as passive solar
Has limitations, night, some locations better such as south rather than north facing slopes
Initial capital outlay can be high

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All areas have viable amounts of solar energy

All areas have viable amounts of solar energy

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Some solar power history

Solar power furnace was used by Lavoisier to discover

Some solar power history Solar power furnace was used by Lavoisier to
elements, particularly nitrogen
Solar power water distillation used by French Foreign Legion and still used today!

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Wind Power

Wind Power

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Wind power

Can be used for mechanical tasks, e.g. pumping water
Can be used

Wind power Can be used for mechanical tasks, e.g. pumping water Can
for generation of electricity for direct use or storage in batteries

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Mechanical Power Windmills

High torque, low-speed to pump water, grind grain, saw wood

Mechanical Power Windmills High torque, low-speed to pump water, grind grain, saw wood

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Electrical Power Windmills

High speed, low torque machines
Will turn themselves off if wind

Electrical Power Windmills High speed, low torque machines Will turn themselves off
speed exceeds their limits

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Effects of windpower

No greenhouse gases
Few other pollutants
Cheap
Abundant
Simple

Some noise pollution
Metal blades interfere with

Effects of windpower No greenhouse gases Few other pollutants Cheap Abundant Simple
TV & radio reception
Aesthetic pollution
No evidence for bird death, but can kill bats

Positive Negative

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Where is wind power available?

Wind power not highly suited to these areas

Where is wind power available? Wind power not highly suited to these areas

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Hydropower

Electric Mechanical

Hydropower Electric Mechanical

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How hydropower works

How hydropower works

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Negative effects of Hydropower
Flooding the land
Displacement of local inhabitants
Local

Negative effects of Hydropower Flooding the land Displacement of local inhabitants Local
climatic changes
Tectonic activities (Earthquakes)
Loss of species (aquatic & terrestrial)
Loss of normal nutrient flow down river
Changes temperature of water, too

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Positive Effects of Hydropower

Can generate electricity
Can do mechanical work, e.g. grind grain
No

Positive Effects of Hydropower Can generate electricity Can do mechanical work, e.g.
greenhouse gases
Initial construction provides jobs

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Tidal Power

Tidal Power

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Tidal Power

Essentially entails placing a dam across an ocean inlet and harnessing

Tidal Power Essentially entails placing a dam across an ocean inlet and
the energy as water moves in and out with the tides
Positive & negative effects are same as hydropower

Tidal dam

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Biomass Energy

Biomass Energy

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Biomass Pros & Cons

Burning biomass gets rid of solid waste
Creates energy
Creates new

Biomass Pros & Cons Burning biomass gets rid of solid waste Creates
markets for crops

Burning biomass releases CO2 and other gases associated with combustion
Creates solid waste from ash
May cause more grasslands to be planted to corn

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Ethanol production: not environmentally benign

Ethanol production: not environmentally benign

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Geothermal Energy

Geothermal Energy

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Where is Geothermal in the U.S.?

Where is Geothermal in the U.S.?

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Primarily in western U.S.

Pros – Can be used for electricity generation, space

Primarily in western U.S. Pros – Can be used for electricity generation,
heating, cooking & low temperature industrial
Pros – Inexpensive after initial outlay
Pros – No greenhouse gas emission
Cons – same problems as we see with oil drilling
Cons – Localized distribution

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How does it work?

Drill to deep, hot rock
Either wet system where heated

How does it work? Drill to deep, hot rock Either wet system
water belowground is used
Dry system sends aboveground water belowground to get heated
Resulting steam can be used for a number of purposes
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