Слайд 2Conscience
It is an ability to critically evaluate his/her acts and judge them
(if they violate) as improper and imperfection;
F. Dostoyevsky, N. Berdyaev: it exists even inside the criminal;
It is a reminder of a human nature and mission;
It is a source of sufferings or even a suicide.
Слайд 3Freedom
It is one of the main conditions of morality;
I. Kant: “we
should live as if we are free”;
There are thousands of factors from outside making us dependent (climate, salary, etc.) but from “inside” - we are free;
People can calculate the planet movement for another hundred years, yet cannot know what happens to him next moment;
Слайд 4Freedom
Thus, a human being can liberate himself from many outside factors;
Inside (even
in prison) and outside freedom; at the same tiome he can be a “slave” being free: dependent on other people, feelings, habits;
The central question of ethics: freedom of choice: a man is always free to choose, even between death and life.
Слайд 5Freedom
J.-P. Sartre: “Freedom is a human being phenomenon”;
F. Nietzsche: “ Are you
calling yourself as free? For what are you free? Are you from those who have a right to be free? Some lost their last value by liberating themselves from slavery”
Слайд 6Freedom
Freedom is not always or necessarily good;
Freedom of good assumes freedom of
evil;
The tragedy of the world is often explained by freedom as the basis of this world; at the same tome freedom is the basis of morality and virtue;
“if the world was made of good only, we would not need God.” –N. Berdyaev.
Слайд 7Happiness
Happiness as an award for a moral life (in many ethical concepts);
Different
understanding of happiness;
Often a and realizes it at the end of life (legend of Solon);
Money, power, love, health, - often conceived as happiness, but are imitation;