New movements in the third world

The context of new movements
The end of Cold War
Decline in the intensity of competition between macro-systems (capitalism vs. socialism)
Disillusionment with political parties
Single issue movements
Rise in importance of micro-issues

Big issues of new movements
Left:
Democracy (and minority rights)
Equality (Gender, caste, sexual minorities)
Human Rights (change in emphasis from anti-communism)
Anti-globalisation
Right:
Identity politics and Religious revivalism
Neither Left nor Right:
Environmental sustainability
Smaller nationality struggles
Single Issue movements

Left oriented
Democracy movements (Burma/Myanmar, Arab spring, Nepal)
Equality: (Gender- women quota, women education, violence against women, against patriarchy) South Asia
: New trade unions (India, China, East Asia)
Human rights (beyond individual rights) Latin America
Anti-globalisation ( World Social Forum, land rights, water rights, right to food) Latin America, India, Korea, South Africa

Right wing movements
Ethnic chauvinism (Africa, Sri Lanka) (anti-minority)
Religious revivalism (Two facets):
(i) Humanitarian
(ii) Sectarian and authoritarian (even terroristic)

Neither Left nor Right
Environmental sustainability (especially in Latin America)
Smaller nationality struggles (South Asia, Africa, China)
Single Issue movements (Child related, Bhopal Gas, Anti-GM seeds, Anti-Dam

Non-violent vs. Violent
Mostly non-violent especially on the left but some Left violent (India, Peru, Columbia, Philippines, Nepal (the most successful)
Right wing mostly violent (especially religious fundamentalists)
Neither Left nor right: small nationality movements both violent (Sri Lanka, India) and non-violent (?)
Ecological movements: mostly non-violent