Political Process

Iceland Referendum 2010

В 2008 году в начале финансового кризиса Исландия (население 320 тысяч, без армии), одна из самых богатых стран в мире.
в буквальном смысле обанкротилась.
Мнение в том, что граждане должны платить за ошибки финансовой монополии, что целая страна должна быть обложена данью, чтобы погасить частные долги, изменило отношения между гражданами и их политическими институтами, и в итоге привело к тому, что лидеры Исландии заняли сторону своих избирателей.
Президент Олафур Рагнар Гримссон отказался ратифицировать закон, который сделал бы граждан Исландии ответственными за долги исландских банкиров, и согласился созвать референдум
Но исландцы не остановились на достигнутом: они решили принять новую конституцию, которая освободила бы страну от власти международных финансов /
Чтобы написать новую конституцию, народ Исландии избрал 25 граждан из числа 522 взрослых, не принадлежащих ни к какой политической партии, которых рекомендовали как минимум 30 граждан.
Этот документ был делом рук не горстки политиков, а был написан в интернете. Учредительные заседания проводились он-лайн, и граждане могли писать свои комментарии и вносить предложения, своими глазами наблюдая, как их конституция постепенно обретает форму.

Президент Исландии Олафур Рагнар Гримссон

Methodological approaches to the analysis of political processes
Institutionalism
Behavioralism
Structural-functional analysis
Sociological approach
The theory of rational choice
Discourse approach, etc

POLITICAL PROCESS
Political Process may be described as the a Political System Processing. Political process - is the overall activity of the states, social groups, community organizations and groups of individuals (actors of the PP) pursuing certain political goals.

POLITICAL PROCESS
The content of structural units of the political process, revealing its inner structure and nature mainly are:
1. Representation of political interest by groups and political institutions of civil society
2. The development of Political System and political decision-making process.
3. The implementation of political decisions.

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Typology of political processes
They differ by the specific subject area, special ways of interaction of subjects, the functioning of institutions, trends and patterns of development.

Typology of political processes

In terms of implementation functions by the elite and the electorate

Hong Kong handover from GB to China

POLITICAL PROCESS
Britain first took over Hong Kong island in 1842, after defeating China in the First Opium War. After the Second Opium War.
In 1898, to enforce its control of the area, the UK leased additional land, known as the New Territories, promising to return them to China in 99 years (returned in 1997).
Hong Kong developed rapidly under UK rule, becoming one of the world's major financial and business centers and had vastly different political and economic system from mainland China, which since 1949 is under authoritarian one-party Communist rule.

POLITICAL PROCESS
China agreed to govern Hong Kong under the principle of "one country, two systems", where the city would enjoy "a high degree of autonomy, except in foreign and defence affairs" for the next 50 years.
Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region. This means it has:
its own legal system
multiple political parties
rights including freedom of assembly and free speech
The territory has its own mini-constitution to enshrine these special rights.

Hong Kong handover from GB to China

POLITICAL PROCESS
In 2014, Beijing said it would allow direct election of the chief executive, but only from a list of pre-approved candidates. That was the breech of the GB and China agreements
That lead to mass protests from people who wanted full direct democracy. The protests shut down central parts of the city for weeks.
There are also a lot of people in Hong Kong who are concerned that China is increasingly meddling in Hong Kong politics in other ways, undermining more politically liberal traditions.

Hong Kong handover from GB to China

Hong Kong handover from GB to China

Hong Kong handover from GB to China

POLITICAL PROCESS
Control Questions:
1)How do you understand what a Political Process is?
2) What types of Political Process do you Know?
3) Give the samples of different types of Political Process