Содержание
- 2. Receptors provide information about both external and internal environments. The receptors of the human are located
- 3. It provides more than 80% of the information received about the external environment. THE EYE
- 4. STRUCTURE OF EYE Eyes contain 3 main parts; Schlerenchyma Choroid Retina
- 5. Schlerenchyma It is supportive structure of eye that protects inner structures of the eye. In the
- 6. CHOROID Just inside the sclera is the choroid. This layer contains many blood vessels. At the
- 7. The diameter of iris is related to the amount of light. It narrows pupil under intense
- 8. THE RETINA Behind the iris is the lens. It focuses the light on the retina (photoreceptor).
- 11. Light entering the eye passes through the cornea, pupil, lens, and forms an image on the
- 12. Cones are sensitive to color. Rods are sensitive to dim light but not to color. The
- 13. A severe dificiency of vitamin A leads to a condition called night blindnes. In this condition
- 15. While at rest, instead of focusing on the retina, the light rays focus in front of
- 16. At rest, the light rays focus behind instead of on the retina. This type of eye
- 17. The human ear has 2 sensory functions. One of them is hearing. Other is maintaning balance
- 18. Structure of ears Ears contains 3 main parts; Outer ear, The middle ear Inner ear
- 20. OUTER EAR Outer ear is composed f 3 parts. These are pinna, auditory canal and eardrum.
- 21. Auditory canal is a canal which is found between pinna and eardrum. It has hairs and
- 22. MIDDLE EAR It contains three small bones which are called the hammer, anvil and stirrup. These
- 24. The hommer attached to the eardrum, the anvil connects the hommer to the stirrup. Stirrup is
- 26. EUSTACHIAN TUBE It is located between pharynx and the middle ear. It equalizes in the middle
- 28. THE INNER EAR It consists of the cochlea and semicircular canals. Cochlea is organ of hearing
- 29. They are separated from another by membranes. Lining of the membranes are specialized hair cells that
- 30. Semicircular canals enable the body to maintain balance. These canals contain fluid and hairlike projenctions that
- 31. Sound waves collected by outer ear pass down the auditory canal to the eardrum. They cause
- 32. Vibration of stirrup cause vibrations in the oval window which in turn cause the fluid within
- 33. Structure of the ear Three regions: Outer ear Middle ear Inner ear
- 34. Process of hearing Sound waves are collected by the ear pinna
- 35. Process of hearing Sound waves pass along the external auditory canal to the ear drum
- 36. Process of hearing Sound waves make the ear drum to vibrate Ear drum converts sound waves
- 37. Process of hearing Ear drum transmits vibration to the ear bones Ear bones transmit and amplify
- 38. Process of hearing Ear bones transmit vibration to the oval windows
- 39. Process of hearing Oval window causes the perilymph in the upper canal of the cochlea to
- 40. Process of hearing Perilymph transmits vibrations to the endolymph in the middle canal
- 41. Process of hearing The sensory hair cells on the bottom membrane of the middle canal are
- 42. Process of hearing The auditory nerve transmits the impulses to the auditory centre of the cerebral
- 43. Process of hearing The vibrations of perilymph are transmitted to the round window Round window bulges
- 44. All multicellular organisms have a skin composed of one or more layers. THE SKIN
- 45. Functions of Skin It protects the inner layers of the body from physical and chemical effects.
- 46. EPIDERMIS is outermost layer of skin. This layer composed of keratinised epithelial cells. Epidermis contains no
- 47. DERMIS is rich in blood vessels and nerve ending. The receptors located in the skin are
- 49. RECEPTORS Meisner corpuscles: They are involved in reception of touch of the palm sole and lips.
- 50. Ruffini corpuscles: They are involved in recption of heat, touch and pressure. Sweat glands: They are
- 52. They are involved in removal of water, minerals, urea and other substances. The main function of
- 53. Nose is the organ of the body involved in botdh respiration and smell. The reception of
- 55. Smelling is fundemantal in the detection of food, maintenance of relationship, reproduction and communication of some
- 57. The surface of the tongue is covered with small projections called papillae. There are the taste
- 58. Only substances that are in solution can stimulate the taste buds. The taste buds are sensitive
- 59. Tend to be localized on specific areas of the tongue, taste buds for sourness are found
- 60. Taste buds for sweetness and saltiness on the tip of the tongue. When taste buds are
- 61. Tongue - the taste organ Detected by taste buds on the upper surface of the tongue
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