The System Of State Bodies Of India

Contents
Whole government scheme
Head of State
Ram Nath Kovind
Qualifications of President
Legislative Power – Parliament
Executive Power – Government
Judicial Power
Court Sytems
Conclusion

Head of State
Ram Nath Kovind is the 14th and current president, having assumed office since 25 July 2017.
He is an Indian lawyer and politician.
He is also the first person from Uttar Pradesh to serve as President of India.
Before entering politics, he was a lawyer for 16 years and practiced in the Delhi High Court and the Supreme Court of India until 1993.
Kovind enrolled as an advocate in 1971 with the bar council of Delhi.
He was Central Government Advocate in the Delhi High Court from 1977 to 1979. Between 1977 and 1978, he also served as the personal assistant of Prime Minister of India Morarji Desai.
He joined the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) in 1991.

RAM NATH KOVIND
He also served as the national spokesperson of the party.
After nomination for the post of 14th president of India, he resigned from his post as the governor of Bihar, and the President of India, Pranab Mukherjee, accepted his resignation on 20 June 2017.
He won election on 20 July 2017.

Qualifications of President
The President is elected by the members of an electoral college consisting of the elected members of both the Houses of Parliament and the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of States and the Union Territories of Delhi and Pondicherry.
The 2022 Indian presidential election will be the 17th presidential election to be held in India.
Article 58 of the constitution sets the qualifications one must meet to be eligible to the office of the president. A president must be:
a citizen of India
of 35 years of age or above
qualified to become a member of the Lok Sabha.

Legislative Power – Parliament
The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India.
It is a bicameral legislature composed of the President of India and two houses: the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People).
The President in his role as head of legislature has full powers to summon and prorogue either House of Parliament or to dissolve the Lok Sabha.
The President can exercise these powers only upon the advice of the Prime Minister and his Union Council of Ministers.
Function : The main function of both the Houses is to make laws. Every Bill has to be passed by both the Houses and assented to by the President before it becomes law.

The period during which the House meets to conduct its business is called a session.
The Constitution empowers the President to summon each House at such intervals that there should not be more than a six-month gap between the two sessions. Hence the Parliament must meet at least twice a year.
In India, the Parliament conducts three sessions each year:
Budget session: January/February to May
Monsoon session: July to August/September
Winter session: November to December

Executive Power – Government
The executive power of the government of India is vested in the President of India, who is both the formal head of the state and the symbol of the nation.
The Prime Minister exercises real executive power.
While the President is the head of the state, the Prime Minister is the head of the government.
Shri Narendra Modi was sworn-in as India's Prime Minister on 30th May 2019, marking the start of his second term in office.
The first ever Prime Minister to be born after Independence, Shri Modi has previously served as the Prime Minister of India from 2014 to 2019.

Government of India
The Government of India also known as the Central or Union Government or simply the Centre, is the Union government created by the Constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority to govern the union of twenty eight states and eight union territories.
The seat of the government is located in New Delhi, Delhi.
Function : A government is an institution through which leaders exercise power to make and enforce laws.
A government's basic functions are providing leadership, maintaining order, providing public services, providing national security, providing economic security, and providing economic assistance.

Judicial Power
Judicial power is the power “of a court to decide and pronounce a judgment and carry it into effect between persons and parties who bring a case before it for decision.”
It is “the right to determine actual controversies arising between diverse litigants, duly instituted in courts of proper jurisdiction.”
Judicial power confers on federal courts the power to decide a case and to render a judgment that conclusively resolves a case.

Courts System
The supreme court is the highest court of the country established by the Constitution. The Constitution states that the Supreme Court is a federal court, guardian of the Constitution, and the highest court of appeal.
There are 27 High Courts at the state level. They are bound by the judgements and orders of the Supreme Court of India by precedence. The High Courts are the principal civil courts of original jurisdiction in the state. High Courts may also enjoy original jurisdiction in certain matters if so designated specifically in a state or federal law. For example, company law cases are instituted only in a high court. Judges in these courts are appointed by the President after consultation with the Chief Justice of India, Chief Justice of the High Court, and the governor of the state.
The District Courts of India are established by the State governments of India for every district or for one or more districts together taking into account the number of cases and population distribution in the district. They administer justice in India at a district level. These courts are under administrative control of the High Court of the State to which the district concerned belongs.

Conclusion
States have jurisdiction over education, agriculture, public health, sanitation, hospitals and dispensaries and many other departments. The state governments also have to maintain the internal security, law and order in the state.
Functions of a State :
Maintenance of Order.
Provision of Employment and Promotion of Economic Activities.
Guarantee of Human Rights and Protection of Citizens.
Fostering Foreign Relations.
The state government look forward the welfare of the people.
The state government also look the maintenance of the state economy.
It makes laws for the state.