Жанры письменной речи на уроках английского языка

АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЕ
ПИСЬМО:
** доклад (report)
** эссе (essay)
** рецензия (review)
ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКОЕ
ПИСЬМО:
** письмо
личного характера
(friendly letter)
ТВОРЧЕСКОЕ
ПИСЬМО:
** статья (article)
** рассказ (story)

REPORT
A report is a document which presents specific, focused content - often the result of an experiment, investigation, or inquiry - to a specific audience. The audience may be public or private, an individual or the public in general. Reports are used in government, business, education, and science. They often use persuasive elements, such as graphics, images, or specialized vocabulary in order to persuade that specific audience to undertake an action.
Your report must include:
** formal language
** correct grammar and spelling
** clear headings for each paragraph
** suitable expressions that are correct in the context
Your report must NOT include:
** informal language
** contractions
** many phrasal verbs
** spelling and grammatical errors
How to write a report
Report Plan:
1. Initial information
2. Introduction
3. Body:
Paragraph 2 Heading
Paragraph 3 Heading
Paragraph 4 Heading
4.Conclusion/Recommendations
Begin with some
initial information:
To:
From:
Subject: or Re:
Write an introduction
(what the report is about).
Write a conclusion
To sum up,... To conclude, ...
In conclusion,... Thus,... Finally,...
I would like to recommend/suggest...
You may wish to consider...

ESSAY
An essay is a piece of writing, which clearly expresses the author's personal opinion about a definite subject of general interest. Essays are non-fictional but often subjective. They can also include narrative . The main goal of an essay is to shape the reader's opinion. The basic features of an essay are brevity, clarity of the message, subjectivity, appeal to a wide audience and strong impact.
THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ESSAYS:
** descriptive essays
** comparative essays
** persuasive essays
** opinion essay
** argumentative essays
** critical essays
** analytical essays, and so on
Your essay must include:
- formal language
- active verbs
- correct grammar and spelling
Your essay must NOT include:
- contractions or abbreviations
- simplistic vocabulary
- slang expressions
- spelling and grammatical errors
Descriptive essay
1. Describing People
Structure
A descriptive essay about a person should consist of:
introduction in which you give general information about the person,
saying when, where and how you first met him;
b) a main body in which you describe his physical appearance,
personal qualities and hobbies/interests. (You start a new paragraph for
each topic);
c) a conclusion in which you write your comments and/or feelings about
the person.
Opinion Essay (type 1)
In an opinion essay express your personal opinion and use
"I statements".
It is not necessary to use arguments "for" and "against".
You can describe only positive or only negative aspects of the
theme.

REVIEW
FILM
A film review is the analysis and evaluation of a movie. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. Remember that a good review is not just a summary of a movie, but a critical analysis that examines why and how a movie works and whether the film succeeds in its presentation.
BOOK REVIEW
A book review is a form of literary criticism in which a book is analyzed based on content, style, and merit. Its length may vary from a single paragraph to a substantial essay. Such a review often contains evaluations of the book on the basis of personal taste.

FRIENDLY LETTER
HOW TO WRITE A FRIENDLY LETTER
** Write naturally, as if you were talking.
** Write about what the other person will want to know.
** If you are replying to a letter written to you, begin by answering any questions that were asked or by making comments about what was written. Be appreciative.
** Make your letter neat and legible. Write with a pen (not a pencil), or use a typewriter. Follow the standard form for writing friendly letters.
London
25/03/11
Dear Lois,
What a great sister you are! With all you have to do at college, you still found time to write
to me.
Your job at the restaurant sounds like hard work. Your story of how you knocked the peas and
catsup over the hamburgers was wonderful. Did your customers really insist on eating them that
way? Beth and I combined those ingredients for lunch. We called them "Hamburgers a la Lois."
Your issues of Science Magazine are still being delivered here. I read them first before sending
them to you. Maybe reading them will help my grades in science.
Tippy had her puppies - eight of them. I am enclosing a picture. Did you know that Tippy still
sleeps in your room?
You are probably taking your exams right now. Good luck, Lois; I know that you will do well.
Love,
Mark

ARTICLE
An article is a written, non-fiction essay. Articles usually appear in magazines, newspapers, academic journals, or the Internet. Writing articles often requires a session of note taking and research. Your article should be interesting and easy to read. It should also have absorbing content and a title that catches the reader's attention.
YOUR ARTICLE MUST INCLUDE:
** informal style
** correct grammar and spelling
** an interesting heading
YOUR ARTICLE MUST NOT INCLUDE:
** unnecessary or contradictory information
** jargon or slang
**grammatical or spelling errors
Write an introduction
(what you are going to tell
your readers about).
Try to make your reader
interested in your article
from the very beginning.
** Have you ever...?
** Do you know that...?
** Have you ever thought of...?
Write the body of your article. Divide it into paragraphs.
Give examples and express your opinion to catch your reader's attention.
If you are describing some event, make sure your article answers five questions:
WHY, WHERE, WHEN, WHAT and HOW.
Take... for example...To my mind,... To my point of view,...I believe that...
As far as I m concerned,... As I see it,...
Write a conclusion. Conclusions sometimes include your suggestions and
recommendations too.
Let's... Try... Why not...?