Complex sentences – сложноподчиненные предложения

Содержание

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Complex sentences – сложноподчиненные предложения

Complex sentence

Main clause

Subordinate clause

main clause -

Complex sentences – сложноподчиненные предложения Complex sentence Main clause Subordinate clause main
главное предложение
subordinate clause - придаточное предложение

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Types of complex sentences
And many types of adverbial clauses, which include

Noun

Types of complex sentences And many types of adverbial clauses, which include
clauses, Relative clauses, Predicative clauses, Adverbial clauses

Time clauses
Clauses of place
Conditional clauses
Clauses of purpose
Clauses of concession
Clauses of manner
Clauses of result
Clauses of reason
Clauses of comparison

Concession – уступка
Comparison - сравнение

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Predicative clauses perform a function of a predicative

What is a predicative?

A predicative

Predicative clauses perform a function of a predicative What is a predicative?
is a nominal part of a compound nominal predicate – предикатив - это именная часть составного сказуемого.

For example:

The sales increase is not feasible so far.
IS NOT FEASIBLE – is a compound nominal predicate – where FEASIBLE is a nominal part or a predicative.

The sales increase is not feasible so far.
IS NOT FEASIBLE – is a compound nominal predicate – where FEASIBLE is a nominal part or a predicative.

The sales increase is not feasible so far.
IS NOT FEASIBLE – is a compound nominal predicate – where FEASIBLE is a nominal part or a predicative.

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How is a predicative clause constructed?

Our decision is that the merger with

How is a predicative clause constructed? Our decision is that the merger
Computer Solutions Corporation (CSC) is impossible. – Наше решение состоит в том, что слияние с компанией CSC не возможно.
The principal clause – our decision is, where
Is presents a link verb of a compound nominal predicate.
And the predicative is
That the merger is impossible – which constitutes a predicative clause

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How is the predicative clause connected with the principal clause?
It seems as

How is the predicative clause connected with the principal clause? It seems
if risk management is moving up the corporate agenda.
The issue to be settled on now is whether we should consult the Manpower, one of the most influential temporary employment agencies.

Conjunctions - союзы

As if

That

Whether

If

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Other ways of joining the main clause and the predicative clause
The

Other ways of joining the main clause and the predicative clause The
question was how the shareholders were to be informed about the changing of the time of the annual meeting.
The directorial board had to decide who would
be responsible for our joining the program of effective management
That is why IKEA has always been able to maintain its popularity among consumers

conjunctive pronouns
which , who, what

conjunctive adverbs
where, when, how, why

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The asyndetical way of linking the main and the predicative clauses

Asyndetical way

The asyndetical way of linking the main and the predicative clauses Asyndetical
of connection - бессоюзная связь
Another reason for launching a new range of packaging was…. that the recent research showed an ongoing interest in environmentally friendly materials.
NOTE! - The clauses usually are not separated by the comma.

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Clauses of time

Clauses of time

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The ways of connection of the time clause with the main one
While

The ways of connection of the time clause with the main one
central banks are implementing monetary policy of the government, microfinancial institutions lend money to people in developing countries for small business development.

Conjunctions:
when, while, whenever, as, till, until, as soon as, as long as, since, after, before, now then (теперь, когда)

conjunctions When, while, whenever, as, till, until, as soon as, as long as, since, after, before, now then (теперь, когда)

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Clauses of purpose
We decided to make a deal with CASENOVE, a

Clauses of purpose We decided to make a deal with CASENOVE, a
small British investment bank, so that we can ensure high quality of annual shareholder revenue analysis.

Conjunctions

as to

so that

so as to

in order that

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Clauses of concession – придаточные уступительные

Conjunctions: despite the fact that, in

Clauses of concession – придаточные уступительные Conjunctions: despite the fact that, in
spite of, although, though, even though, even if, while, whereas, except that

We are still planning to enter the Asian market despite the fact that we do not have distributors in some countries.

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Clauses of manner- придаточные образа действия
Why does the sales manager act as

Clauses of manner- придаточные образа действия Why does the sales manager act
if he is the only person who understands what marketing is all about?
The staff of our newly opened office participate in team management course so well as though they have been a part of our company for ages.

Conjunctions

as though

just as

as mush as

as if

as

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Clauses of manner – some remarks

In case we speak about an unreal

Clauses of manner – some remarks In case we speak about an
situation – we use
past tenses

The representatives of NASDA, the Japanese space agency, are performing various tests with different kinds of fuel as though they discovered an absolutely new one.

Our new computer engineer looks so exhausted, as if he were/was suffering from infoglut.

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Clauses of result
We have received a lot of complaints, so we are

Clauses of result We have received a lot of complaints, so we
allowing the customers to exchange their products for new ones.
This version of a computer game is such a success that some shops are already out of stock

Conjunctions are – so that, as a result of which

So + adjective or such +noun

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Clauses of reason

The clauses are linked with the help of:
The study revealed

Clauses of reason The clauses are linked with the help of: The
that the majority of staff complained of poor relations with managers, because they are authoritative and inflexible

because

as

in case

since

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Clauses of comparison

Conjunctions are:
that, as, as…as, not so..as, as if,

Clauses of comparison Conjunctions are: that, as, as…as, not so..as, as if,
as though

The representatives of the Welsh branch were so eager to join the computer courses as though they have never participated in such activity.

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Asyndetical connection of clauses
I wish you had paid more attention to

Asyndetical connection of clauses I wish you had paid more attention to
the details of the financial part of your business plan.
The primary role of HR department is to ensure the labor force diversity and well being of the staff; HR also has to be in charge of performance evaluation schemes and career management.

Asyndetically = NO conjunction or connector

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And as a conclusion…

Complex sentences consist of a principal clause and one

And as a conclusion… Complex sentences consist of a principal clause and
or more subordinate clauses.
Clauses in a complex sentences can be linked syndetically (by means of different connectives) and asyndetically (without connectives)
According to their grammatical function we distinguish different types of subordinate clauses.
In Russian and English we have different rules of punctuation ( e.g. noun clauses, predicative clauses, defining relative clauses are not separated by a comma)
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