English

Homework:

«Direct speech» — это прямая речь, чьи-либо слова, которые мы передаем в виде цитаты. Прямая речь выделяется кавычками. После слов, вводящих прямую речь, ставится запятая.
Mary says, "I like English." – Мэри говорит: «Я люблю английский».
«Indirect speech» или «reported speech» — это косвенная речь, чьи-либо слова, которые мы передаем от третьего лица. важно передать содержание и смысл. Чтобы переделать цитату в косвенную речь, нам нужно поменять порядок слов, местоимения и иногда время (чтобы согласовать времена).

Reported Speech
Личные и указательные местоимения заменяются в косвенной речи по смыслу, как и в русском языке.
Если глагол, вводящий косвенную речь, стоит в настоящем времени, то форма глагола в косвенной речи не изменяется
Mary says that she likes English.

Say – tell (сказать - рассказать)
Say - без адресата
Alex said that he was tired.
Say to – есть адресат.
Alex said to me that he was tired.
Tell – есть адресат.
Alex told me that he was tired.

Direct Speech
He says, ‘I am well today.’
She says, ‘I like it here’
She says, ‘My friend was travelling a lot’.
He says, ‘ I played
football yesterday’.
Indirect Speech
He says that he is well today.
She says she likes it there.
She says her friend was travelling a lot.
He says that he played football the day before yesterday.
EXAMPLES:

Если глагол, вводящий косвенную речь, стоит в прошедшем времени, то происходят следующие изменения:
1. Present Simple → Past Simple
2. Present Progressive → Past Progressive
3. Present Perfect → Past Perfect
4. Present Perfect Past Perfect
Progressive → Progressive
5. Past Simple → Past Perfect
6. Past Progressive → Past Perfect
Progress
7. Past Perfect → Past Perfect
8. Future Simple → Future –in the-
Past

Direct Speech
1. He said, ‘I get up at 7 o’clock.’
2. He said, ’I’m reading a book.’
3. He said, ‘ I have just come.’
4. He said, ‘I have been waiting for you since 10 o’clock.’
Indirect Speech
1.He said that he got up at 7 o’clock.
2. He said that he was reading a book.
3.He said he had come.
4. He said that he had been waiting for me since 10 o’clock.’
EXAMPLES:

Direct Speech
Indirect speech
5. He said, ‘I played football yesterday’
6. He said, ‘I was playing football yesterday from 3 up to 4 o’clock’.
7. He said, ‘We had finished our work by 4 o’clock.
8. He said, ‘We will finish
our work in the evening’
5. He said that he had played football the day before.
6. He said he had been playing football the day before from 3 up to 4 o’clock.
7. He said that they had finished their work by 4 o’clock.
8. He said that they would finish their work in the evening.
EXAMPLES

Exercise 1.
Change direct speech into Indirect:
1. Tom says, ’I want to go to London next week’
2. Helen says, ‘I can play tennis.’
3. My mother says, ‘Tomorrow I will go to the country’
4. They say, ‘We are good at English’
5. Martin says, ‘We watched a new film yesterday’

Exercise 2
Change direct speech into indirect:
1. Charles said, ‘Ann has bought a new car.’
2. I thought, ‘He is going to give up smoking’
3. She promised, ‘I will do my homework’
4. Ann said, ‘I was playing the piano the whole day’

Exercise 2
Change direct speech into indirect:
5. Nick said, ‘I saw Jimmy at a party last week.’
6. Bill said, ‘I went to Moscow last week’
7. Masha said, ‘They learned the poem yesterday’
8. Our parents said, ‘You have never been to London.’