Lathe

Active Vocabulary:
lathe – токарный станок
bed – станина станка
headstock – передняя бабка
tailstock – задняя бабка
apron – фартук, основная поворотная доска резцовой каретки
carriage – каретка станка
to traverse – пересекать; поперечина
to clamp – крепить, закреплять
spindle – шпиндель
to maintain – поддерживать, обслуживать, содержать

Word combinations for connected reading:
linear feed motion – прямолинейное движение подачи
feed gearbox – коробка передач
speed gearbox – коробка скоростей

Ex. 1. Read and translate the text:
The lathe is the most general and useful of all machine-tools and is used in producing many types of machine parts.
In machining operations on lathes, the work is rotated, while the cutting tool has a linear feed motion.
Although there are many types of lathes employed in industry, they have many units and parts in common. The principle units of an engine lathe are the bed, headstock, tailstock, feed gearbox, apron and carriage. All the principle units of the lathe are mounted on the bed. The lather has ways along which the carriage and tailstock traverse. The work is clamped and rotated by the head-stock which contains the spindle and speed gearbox. In all lathe work it is the most important to clamp the work and the tool as firmly as possible.
The separate parts and mechanisms of the lathe can be maintained in proper operating condition only by attentive care.

Ex. 2. Find the Russian equivalents for the following word combinations:

Ex. 3. Answer the questions to the text:
What machine-tools are the most general?
Where is lathe used?
What are the main parts of an engine lathe?
Where are all the principle units of the lathe mounted?
What does the headstock contain?
When is the headstock rotated?

Ex. 4. Agree or disagree with the statements using the following phrases:
I agree. I disagree.
You are right. You are wrong.
It’s right. It’s false.
As far as I know …
According to the information from
the text …
Lathe is used in manufacturing many types of machine-tools.
The principle units of an engine lathe are the bed, headstock, speed gearbox, feed gearbox, apron and carriage.
The work is rotated by the tailstock.
The lathe parts are clamped on the bed.
The headstock contains the carriage and feed gearbox.

Ex. 5. Put the verb in brackets into the Past Simple or Past Continuous:
The cat (to take) a piece of fish and then (to run) away. 2. He (to read) a newspaper when I (to come) in. 3. Yesterday I (to get) up at eight o’clock.
The train (to start) at fifteen minutes to ten. 5. He (to put) on his coat and cap, (to open) the door and (to go) out. 6. At this time yesterday I (to watch) a play by Chekhov at the theatre. 7. He (to come) back to St Petersburg on the 15th of January. 8. I (to go) to the institute when I (to see) him. 9. At this time yesterday we (to have) dinner. 10. He (to write) a letter when I (to come) in.

11. He (to make) a report when I (to leave) the meeting. 12. Yesterday he (to write) a letter to his friend. 13. When I (to look) at them, they (to smile) at me. 14. What you (to do) at six o’clock yesterday? 15. I (to go) to bed at half past eleven. 16. Yes-terday the lesson (to begin) at nine o’clock. 17. When somebody (to knock) on the door, she (to argue) with her husband. 18. When Pete (to jog) in the park in the morning, he (to lose) his expensive mobile phone. 19. When the police (to take) the thief to the car, I (to go) to the cinema to see the new Tom Cruise film. 20. He (to shave) when he (to hear) her scream.

Ex. 6. Complete the sentences choosing the appropriate variant from the box:
headstock linear feed motion rotated
The cutting tool has …
In machining operations on lathes the work is …
The work is clamped and rotated by …
The spindle and speed gearbox are the parts of …

Ex. 7. Translate into English:
Токарный станок используют в производстве деталей.
Прямолинейное движение подачи режущего инструмента обеспечивает вращение детали.
На станине крепятся основные части токарного станка.
Деталь вращается при помощи передней бабки.
Передняя бабка содержит шпиндель и коробку скоростей.
Станина и задняя бабка – это основные части токарного станка.

Ex. 8. Back to history. Read the text and try to understand it without translating: