Categories of Law in the Russian Federation (Отрасли права в Российской Федерации)

Law is a system of rules established by the state.
The main aim of law is to consolidate and safeguard the social and state system and its economic foundation.
One important distinction made in all countries is between private - or civil - law and public law. Civil law concerns disputes among citizens within a country, and public law concerns disputes between citizens and the state, or between one state and another.
The system of law in our country consists of different categories of law.

Constitutional law is a leading category of the whole system of law. Its principal source is the country's Constitution. It deals with social structure, the state system, organization of state power and the legal status of citizens.

Administrative law is closely connected with constitutional law but it deals with the legal forms of concrete executive and administrative activity of a government and ministries.
Criminal law defines the general principles of criminal responsibility, individual types of crimes and punishment applied to criminals. Crimes are wrongs which, even committed against an individual are considered to harm the well-being of society in general. Criminal law takes the form of a Criminal Code.

International law regulates relations between governments and between private citizens of one country and those of another.
Family law deals with married and unmarried couples, and their children; the process of divorce, custody of and responsibility for children; and protection from violence at home.

Land law deals with legal rules governing land use and protection.

Financial law regulates the budget, taxation, state credits and other spheres of financial activity.

Civil law is connected with relations in the economic sphere of life, with relations involving property, its distribution and exchange. The right in property is the central institution of civil law.

Employment law includes the legislation on
the employment of industrial and office workers
and regulates matters arising from employment relations.

Private law is the branch of law that deals with the rights and duties of private individuals and the relations between them.

Questions
What is law?
What is the main aim of law?
What categories of law does the system of law in Russia consist of?
What is the principal source of Constitutional law?
What category of law is closely connected with Constitutional law?
What does Criminal law define?
What form does Criminal law take?
What does International law regulate?
What does Financial law regulate?
What is Civil law connected with?
What is the central institution of the Civil law?
What rules does Employment law include?

13.What disputes does Public law concern?
14.What is the leading category of law in Russia?
15.Does Civil law concern disputes among citizens out of the country or within the country?
16.What does Constitutional law deal with?
17. What does Administrative law deal with?
18. What does International law regulate?
19.What law regulates budget, taxation, state credits and other spheres of financial activity?
20.What does Employment law regulate?

Be established by - ɪsˈtæblɪʃt - Быть установлены путем
The main aim - meɪn eɪm – главная цель
to consolidate - kənˈsɒlɪdɪt – объединять
to safeguard -ˈseɪfgɑːd – защищать
economic foundation - ekəˈnɒmɪk faʊnˈdeɪʃn – экономическая основа
Distinction - dɪsˈtɪŋkʃn – различие
Private law - ˈpraɪvɪt lɔː - частное право
Public law - ˈpʌblɪk lɔː - публичное право
To concern disputes - kənˈsɜːn dɪˈspjuːts - касаться споров categories of law - ˈkætɪgərɪ ɒv lɔː - отрасли права
Constitutional law - kɒnstɪˈtjuːʃnəl lɔː - конституциональное право
the legal status - ˈliːgəl ˈsteɪtəs – правовой статус
social structure - ˈsəʊʃəl ˈstrʌkʧə - общественное устройство
the state system - steɪt ˈsɪstɪm - государственное устройство

to define the general principles of criminal responsibility - tuː dɪˈfaɪn ˈʤenərəl ˈprɪnsɪpəlz ɒv ˈkrɪmɪnl rɪspɒnsəˈbɪlɪtɪ - определять общие принципы уголовной ответственности
individual types of crimes - ɪndɪˈvɪʤʊəl taɪp ɒv kraɪm - отдельные виды преступлений
Administrative law – [ədˈmɪnɪstrətɪv lo:] – административное право
Criminal law – уголовное право
punishment applied to criminals - ˈpʌnɪʃmənt əˈplaɪd ˈkrɪmɪnlz - наказание, применяемое к преступникам
wrongs – [rɔːŋz] - правонарушения
committed against an individual - kəˈmɪtɪd əˈgenst ɪndɪˈvɪʤʊəl - совершенные в отношении лица
to take the form - tuː teɪk fɔːm - принять форму
a Criminal Code - ˈkrɪmɪnl kəʊd – уголовный кодекс
International law - ɪntəˈnæʃnəl lɔː - международное право
Family law - ˈfæm(ə)lɪ lɔː - семейное право
the process of divorce - ˈprəʊsəs dɪˈvɔːs – бракоразводный процесс
custody of and responsibility for children - ˈkʌstədɪ rɪspɒnsəˈbɪlɪtɪ fɔː ˈʧɪldrən - опека и попечительство о детях

protection from violence at home - prəˈtekʃn frɒm ˈvaɪələns æt həʊm - защита от домашнего насилия
Land law - lænd lɔː - Земельное право
Financial law - faɪˈnænʃəl lɔː - Финансовое право
Taxation - tækˈseɪʃn – налогообложение
state credits - steɪt ˈkredɪt - государственный кредит
The right in property - ðiː raɪt ɪn ˈprɒpətɪ - Право собственности
the employment of industrial and office workers - ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ɪnˈdʌstrɪəl ˈɒfɪs ˈwɜːkə - занятость промышленных и офисных работников
employment relations – [ɪmˈplɔɪmənt rɪˈleɪʃənz] – трудовые отношения

Ex.1 Scan the text in order to match these words and phrases with their definitions below.
Civil law, criminal law, administrative law, law, financial law, the rules of employment law, constitutional law.
a). . . Is a system of rules established by the state.
b). . . Is a leading category of the whole system of law.
c). . .deals with the legal forms of concrete executive and administrative activity of government and ministries.
d). . . regulates the budget, taxation, state credit.
c). . . is connected with relations involving property.
f). . . include the legislation on the labour of industrial and office workers.
g). . . defines the general principles of criminal responsibility.

Ex.2 Match these words/phrases with their Russian equivalents.
a)to establish a system
b)a category (of law)
c)the principal source of law
d)to deal with
e)the right in property
f)rule of law
g)industrial (office) workers
h)to arise from
i)individual types of crimes
j)to apply punishment
k)to take the form of a code
1) рабочие (служащие)
2) принимать вид кодекса
3 )применять наказание
4) основной источник права
5) отрасль (права)
6) право на имущество
7) иметь дело с, заниматься
8) устанавливать систему
9) возникать из
10) отдельные виды преступлений
11) норма права

Ex.3 Which category of law deals with:
a) budget, taxation, state credits
b) relations in the economic sphere of life
c) matters arising from employment relations
d) individual types of crimes and punishment
e) legal forms of executive and administrative activity.

Ex.4 Say if this is true or false:
a) In all countries there is no distinction between private and public law.
b) The main aim of law is to concern disputes among citizens and the state.
c) Criminal law deals with all forms of responsibility.
d) The right in property is the central institution of civil law.
e) Financial law concerns social structure and organization of state power.
f) Law is a system of rules established by the state.