Definite Integration by Reduction Methods

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Consider

Consider

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Consider

Consider

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Using exactly the same method obtains exactly the same result.
Hence,

Now consider

Using exactly the same method obtains exactly the same result. Hence, Now consider

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Using this reduction formula successively

Repeatedly applying the formula, we find that:

Using this reduction formula successively Repeatedly applying the formula, we find that:

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Using this reduction formula successively

The final term will depend on if n

Using this reduction formula successively The final term will depend on if
is even or odd.
If n is even:
Also:
Hence in both cases, when n is even:

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Using this reduction formula successively

If n is odd:
Also:
Hence in both cases, when

Using this reduction formula successively If n is odd: Also: Hence in
n is odd:

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Example

Evaluate
n is even so,
Hence,

Example Evaluate n is even so, Hence,
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