Кровяносная система

Incoming organs in the circulatory system of the human
Heart
Blood
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

Heart
1 – right atrium
2 - left atrium
3 - right ventricle
4 - left ventricle

Heart
Muscular organ that, by repeated rhythmic contractions blood flow through the blood vessels.
The heart is located slightly to the left, between the two lungs.

Circulatory system
Circulatory system of the heart is a separate circulation. At the base of the aorta - over the aortic valve depart - coronary vessels. According to him the blood reaches all the tissues of the heart, supplying it with the necessary materials for the planned renovation of the cardiac cells, substances necessary for energy and oxygen. Specific blood flow of the heart is very intense - this is due to the fact that the heart muscle is tense clock performs mechanical work and the shortage of nutrients and oxygen to work for a long time can not. Blood leaves the heart tissue by coronary veins that drain into the right atrium. Through the veins of the muscle tissue breakdown products are removed. Due to the continuous circulation is a constant update of intracellular structures of the heart and its continuous operation.

The layers of the heart wall
Conditionally in the heart wall can be divided into 3 layers:
1. External mucous layer - the pericardium. This layer provides slip heart when working inside the pericardial. It is this layer of the heart is not worried about his movements surrounding organs.
2. Muscle layer (myocardium) - a massive layer is most submitted, mainly muscle tissue . This fabric provides orderly contraction of the heart, providing a continuous flow of blood.
3. Inner layer (endocardium) - active layer structure with an inner layer similar vessels. This sheath insulates the inside wall of the heart and the valve unit, thanks to thrombus formation does not occur and difficulties movements parietal layers of blood.

Heart disease
Heart failure
Heart defects
cardiac arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation
Myocardial infarction
Endocarditis ...

Blood
Internal environment of the body is formed by a liquid connective tissue. Consists of plasma and formed elements: leukocyte cells, red blood cells and platelets.

Blood carries oxygen that you breathe, throughout the body. It brings the exhaust gas and you breathe it.

Blood carries tiny particles of food in the liver. Liver sorts food so that it is ready for use by the body.

If you hurt yourself, the blood produces a special viscous substance that covers the wound and does not allow them to bleed.

Blood fights bacteria that enter the body and can infect you. It envelops them and then killed.

Blood vessels:
A - vienna with flaps; 1 and 2 valve actuation at squeezing veins muscles; Б- artery; В- capillary

Arteries
Arteries - the blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to all organs and tissues of the body and blood are active ways: reduced muscle walls creates an additional force for the promotion of the blood, and is regulated by varying the intensity of the lumen in the organs. The arteries of the systemic circulation from the heart flows oxygenated arterial blood, the pulmonary artery (pulmonary trunk and branch) are from the heart to the lungs venous blood.

Aorta
The largest artery. Located left of the midline of the body. It supplies arterial blood all organs and tissues of the body.
The carotid arteries
Common carotid artery, right and left, going up next to the trachea and the esophagus. At the level of the upper edge of the thyroid cartilage is divided into the external carotid artery (a branch outside the cavity of the skull) and the internal carotid artery extending into the skull and going to the brain.

Veins
VEINS - blood vessels that carry carbonation (venous) blood from the organs and tissues to the heart, lung and other than the umbilical vein, which carry the arterial blood .
Venous blood enters the right side of the heart in two large venous trunks : the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava, which fit all the vessels, forming a system of hollow veins.
Venous system also serves as a reservoir of blood: it is constantly contains about 64% of its total volume.
Passing through the capillary network , losing oxygen and taking carbon dioxide from the tissues , the blood enters the smallest vessels of the venous system - venules.

Capillary
Capillary blood vessels are the thinnest in humans and other animals. Average diameter is 5-10 microns.
Connecting arteries and veins , they are involved in metabolism between blood and tissues . Capillary walls are composed of a single layer of endothelial cells . The thickness of this layer is so small that it allows the passage of molecules therethrough of oxygen, water , lipids, and many other compounds within a short time .
The total length of the capillaries average adult is about 100 000 km.
The total length of the capillaries exceeds twice the Earth's equator.

A drop of blood under a microscope
“Battle" of white blood cells with microbes