Слайд 2The unstressed e [ə]
sente → sent
keepen → keep
bookes →books
likes [li:kes] → [laiks]
stopped
![The unstressed e [ə] sente → sent keepen → keep bookes →books](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/456266/slide-1.jpg)
[stoped] → [stopt]
Слайд 3When the root vowel was long, the letter ‘e’ at the end
![When the root vowel was long, the letter ‘e’ at the end](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/456266/slide-2.jpg)
of the word was still written.
‘mute’ e appeared.
There were some words in which ‘mute’ e was added to the end although it had never been there: ston → stone, bon → bone.
Слайд 4The Great Vowel Shift
The Great Vowel Shift was a massive sound change
![The Great Vowel Shift The Great Vowel Shift was a massive sound](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/456266/slide-3.jpg)
affecting the long vowels of English during the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries.
The long vowels were either narrowed or diphthongized.
Слайд 5The mid-open and open long vowels were narrowed, thus they became closed.
The
![The mid-open and open long vowels were narrowed, thus they became closed.](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/456266/slide-4.jpg)
narrowing of the closed vowels caused their diphthongization.
NB! The Great vowel shift did not affect spelling.
Слайд 6Basically, the long vowels shifted upwards; that is, a vowel that used
![Basically, the long vowels shifted upwards; that is, a vowel that used](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/456266/slide-5.jpg)
to be pronounced in one place in the mouth would be pronounced in a different place, higher up in the mouth.
Слайд 13i: → ai time [ti:me] → [taim]
e: → i: keep [ke:p] →
![i: → ai time [ti:me] → [taim] e: → i: keep [ke:p]](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/456266/slide-12.jpg)
[ki:p]
ɛ: → e: → i: sea [sɛ:] → [se:] → [si:]
a: → ei name
ɔ: → ou go
o: → u: moon
u: → au out
Слайд 14The process of change was gradual. Each stage took more than 100
![The process of change was gradual. Each stage took more than 100 years.](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/456266/slide-13.jpg)
years.
Слайд 15OE [ǣ ] → ME [ɛ:] → [e:] (XVI c.) → [i:]
![OE [ǣ ] → ME [ɛ:] → [e:] (XVI c.) → [i:]](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/456266/slide-14.jpg)
(XVII c.)
ea [i:] ← [e:] ← [ɛ:]
ee [i:] ← [e:]
Слайд 16Shortening of the long vowels
1. Before [d, t, θ]
[ɛ:] → [e]: breed
![Shortening of the long vowels 1. Before [d, t, θ] [ɛ:] →](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/456266/slide-15.jpg)
→ bread
2. Before [v, d, ð]
[u:] → [u]: glove [glu:ve] → [gluv], blood …
Before [k]: book [bu:k] → [buk]
Слайд 17The development of some long vowels
1) [a] → [a:]
before ‘r’ and voiceless
![The development of some long vowels 1) [a] → [a:] before ‘r’](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/456266/slide-16.jpg)
fricatives: hard, fast, path
‘al’ before ‘m, f’: calm, half
2) [ɔ] → [ɔ:] before ‘r’: lord [l ɔ:d]
[ou] → [ɔ:] before ght: brought [brɔ:t]
Слайд 183) [ǝ:] was the result of the vocalization of ‘r’ after [i,
![3) [ǝ:] was the result of the vocalization of ‘r’ after [i,](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/456266/slide-17.jpg)
e, u]: first [fǝ:st], her, turn ( in the XVI c.)
Слайд 19Changes of in the system of short vowels
There appeared two short vowels
![Changes of in the system of short vowels There appeared two short](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/456266/slide-18.jpg)
[æ, ʌ ]:
[a] → [æ]: land [land] → [lænd]
[u] → [ʌ]: glove [gluv] → [glʌv]
run [run] → [rʌn]
No change took place if [u] followed labial consonants: put, full, bush. But : but, fun.
Слайд 20New diphthongs
They appeared as the result of the vocalization of ‘r’ between
![New diphthongs They appeared as the result of the vocalization of ‘r’](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/456266/slide-19.jpg)
two vowels:
-are care [ka:rə] → [kɛə]
-ere here [he:rə] → [hiə]
Слайд 21Variant 1
Какие события в экономической жизни английского общества способствовали формированию национального английского
![Variant 1 Какие события в экономической жизни английского общества способствовали формированию национального](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/456266/slide-20.jpg)
национального языка?
В связи с чем влияние французского языка на английский оказывается наиболее сильным во второй половине XIV в.?
Слайд 22Variant 2
По каким причинам восточномидлендский диалект становится основой для национального языка?
Какие
![Variant 2 По каким причинам восточномидлендский диалект становится основой для национального языка?](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/456266/slide-21.jpg)
языки оказывают сильное влияние на развитие английского языка в эпоху Возрождения? Почему?
Слайд 23Variant 3
Какие события в политической жизни английского общества способствовали формированию национального английского
![Variant 3 Какие события в политической жизни английского общества способствовали формированию национального](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/456266/slide-22.jpg)
национального языка?
Какую реакцию вызвало «наводнение» английского языка латинизмами?