OECD – Guidance on Objective Tests Руководство ОЭСР по объективным испытаниям Dr. Ulrike Bickelmann / Др. Ульрике Бикельман
Содержание
- 2. The degree, measured with objective criteria, to which a commodity has reached a sufficient stage of
- 3. The sample has to be taken in accordance with the operating rules for the conformity checks
- 4. A number of packages (primary samples) has to be taken at random. The fruit of this
- 5. Sampling At the beginning of the season or when visually unripe fruit is part of the
- 6. Sampling Eventually, the lot must be separated in two parts – one part with packages of
- 7. Sampling A reduced sample of at least 10 fruits (2 kg for juice content, 15 fruits
- 8. In case of table grapes, 10 bunches or 10 sales packages are taken. В отношении столового
- 9. The content of total soluble solids (TSS) or sugar in fruit is determined by means of
- 10. UNECE standards specify limits for TSS in apples, kiwi fruit, melons, peaches/nectarines, grapefruits (Oroblanco), pummelos, table
- 11. In case of apples, peaches and nectarines, two longitudinal slices (from stem-end to calyx-end) are taken,
- 12. In case of kiwifruit, the stem and blossom ends are cut at a distance of 15
- 13. Total soluble solids (TSS) In case of melons, a small diameter metal borer (1-4 mm) is
- 14. Total soluble solids (TSS) In case of melons and watermelons, two longitudinal slices (from stem-end to
- 15. In case of table grapes, at least five berries are taken at random from each bunch
- 16. In case of citrus fruit, the fruits are cut half crosswise and the halves are squeezed.
- 17. Measurement: An equal number of drops (1 or 2) from the prepared fruit juice or the
- 18. Results: If the average reading of all fruit are equal to or greater than the limit
- 19. The firmness of the fruit is linked to the state of maturity and ripeness and is
- 20. Firmness of the flesh UNECE standards specify limits for firmness of the flesh in peaches and
- 21. From two opposite sides of the equatorial area of the fruit a disc of the peel
- 22. The fruit must be hold firmly with one hand and rest on a rigid surface. Slow,
- 23. The sugar/acid ratio is an indicator of commercial and organoleptic ripeness. By titration the amount of
- 24. Sugar/acid ratio UNECE standards specify limits for sugar/acid ratio in citrus fruit (oranges, mandarin-group) and table
- 25. Sugar/acid ratio The juice of the fruits is squeezed out with an extractor or a juice-press.
- 26. Sugar/acid ratio 10 ml juice + 50 ml distilled water + 3 drops of phenolphthalein +
- 27. Sugar/acid ratio Calculation of the sugar/acid ratio: The amount of acids and the brix value of
- 28. The juice content is an essential parameter to determine the quality of citrus fruit. Thus, the
- 29. The weight of each fruit is determined. Each fruit is cut half crosswise and squeezed out
- 30. Juice content Calculation of the juice content is done for each individual fruit. Расчет содержания сока
- 31. Dry matter content The dry matter content of the fruit is linked to the state of
- 32. Dry matter content UNECE standards specify limits for dry matter content in kiwifruit and avocados. Стандарты
- 33. Dry matter content In case of avocados, the fruit is cut along the longitudinal diameter, the
- 34. Dry matter content In case of kiwifruit, the fruit is cut along the equatorial diameter. A
- 35. Dry matter content The slices are cut into smaller pieces. The samples are dried to constant
- 36. Dry matter content weight of dry sample incl. Petri dish – weight of Petri dish dry
- 37. The amount of starch in the flesh of a fruit – decreasing in a ripening fruit
- 38. The UNECE standards do not include limits with respect to the iodine test. This test is
- 39. Each fruit is cut in half crosswise. It is very important that the surfaces are cleanly
- 40. Ripening fruit will generally show an increasing white ring (or star depending on variety) around the
- 41. The colour of fruit skin is a good indicator to describe the ripeness of a fruit.
- 42. The colour of fruit skin (typically the background colour) of the individual fruit is compared against
- 43. The moisture content is an essential quality parameter in dry and dried produce and is determined
- 44. Moisture content UNECE standards specify limits for moisture content in all standards for dry and dried
- 45. M1 – M2 moisture content / содержание влаги = ----------------- x 100 M1 – M0 M0
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