Physical development of child

Physical development of child
Dynamic process of growth–the increase of body length and mass and biological maturation of the cild in different period of life

Formulas for approximate determination of the fetus length
and body mass
The length of the fetus body during first 5 month is equal month of pregnancy in second degree
after 5 month the length is equal the number of month gestation x5
In the term of gestation25-42 weeks the body mass at 30 weeks-1300g,for every next week-+200g, before 30 week— -100g

At birth
for full-term newborn
Weight 3.350- girls, 3500- boys
Physiological loss body weight up to 6-8%
from 3-th day to 7-th – 8-th
The length of the body of newborn 50 cm
(46-56 cm)
The head circumference – 34 -36 cm
The chest circumference is 32 -34 cm

Ideal body weight of the child in the first years
Every month during the first half – year 0f life the weight increase by 800 g and during the second – by 400 g

Ideal body weight of the child
After the breast Feeding period up till 10 years of age
10,5 kg (average body weight of 1years old child + 2 kg x n
N- age of the child
After 10 years the body weight increases by 4 kg annually

Ideal growth of children
The first quarter (3 months)-by 3 cm
The second quarter -2,5 cm
Till 4 years the BL increases by 8 cm annually
4 yr- 100cm
After 4 yr of age the body length increases by 6 cm annually

Chest circumference
First 6 months –by 2 cm monthly
Second half-year – by 0,5 cm monthly
Till 5 years – by 1,5 cm annually
Till 15 years – 3 cm annually

Index of Arisman and Chulitskaya
Chest circumference – ½ body length
Normative values
The breast –feeding age – 13,5 – 10 cm
2-3 years – 9-6 cm
6-7 years – 4-2 cm
7-8 years – 0 cm
Till 15 years – 1-3 cm

Index of Chulitskaya
3 circumference of upper arm +1 circumference of thigh +1 circumference of calf = Length of body
for children of breast-feeding period – normative value – 20 -25 cm

indexs of proportionality
The index of proportionality Length of leg (cm) body length of body x100
(I.Vorontsov)
Ratio of body length / height in sitting position to body length / height in standing position x 100
newborn -70 %
3 years – 57 %
Girl of 12 years and boys of 15 years – 52 %

Main criteria or assessing the physical development by graphs (WHO)
Weight - by - age
Length / height-by – age
Weight –by – length / height
Body mass index
Head circumference

Hypotrohy
Reduction on actual body weight in comparison whith ideal body weight
According to the WHO
Protein – energy deficiency the most frequent etiological factor and type of hypothrophy

Hypotrophy
Primary - exogenous origin ( alimentary factor, psychogenic factors))
Secondary – endogenous ( anomalies of digestive tract, malabsorption syndrome, infection diseases, immunodeficiency, central nervous system diseases

Hypotrophy
1-th degree – deficiency in BW=11 – 20%
2-th degree – deficiency in BW=21-30%
3-th degree – deficiency in BW=31% and more
The main sing hypotrophy - decreased thickness of subcutaneous tissue
Only on the trunk-Id
On the limbs – II d
On face- III d Fase of Voltaire
Decreased turgor and elasticity of child skin
Significant slowing of neuropsychological development

Hypostature
Identical lag of growth and body weight in children of the first year of life in comparison with average normative parameters for corresponding age
BL –less by 5-10 cm
Actual BW less then average BW it corresponds to the growth of the child

paratrophy
Increase of BW in comparison with normal data by 10 % and more

Irrational feeding of the child
Constitutional propensity
Metabolic infringements (faster raised hydrolability)
functional infringements hypothalamic nucleus lead to a disbalance between the senses of appetite and satiety