Political System of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan
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Republic of Kazakhstan
Capital ASTANA
Population 15.3 mln
Territory 2.7 mln sq km (9th place in the world)
Currency TENGE (127/1USD)
Length of borders 12.187 km.

The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The legislative branch in Kazakhstan is presented by bicameral Parliament: Lower Chamber – Majilis, Upper Chamber – Senate. According to the Constitution Parliament is a high representative body of republic that realizes legislative functions.
Parliament

SENATE
Senate is established by elected from each region, city and the capital of Kazakhstan deputies at joint session of deputies of all representative bodies of regions, cities of republican importance and the capital. Seven deputies of Senate are appointed by the president.
There 39 deputies in the Upper Chamber, 32 of them are elected, 7 are appointed by the Head of state.
Exclusive powers of the Upper Chamber of Parliament of Kazakhstan.
by the presentation of the President, election and relieve from the post the head of Supreme court, the heads of Supreme court Board and judges, tendering an oath.
give the consent to the appointment by the President of Procurator – General of Kazakhstan and the Head of the Committee of national security.
to deprive of immunity of Procurator – General, the Head and the judges of the Supreme court of Kazakhstan.
pre-term termination of powers of local representative bodies.
Consider the impeachment of the President initiated by Majilis and submit the results to the consideration of joint session of Chambers.

MAJILIS
Majilis deputies are elected on the basis of direct, equal and universal suffrage at secret ballot. Deputy corps of Majilis is formed by deputies elected by proportional and majority systems.
There are 77 deputies in the Lower Chamber of Parliament.
10 deputies of Majilis are elected on the proportional system by single national constituency. The rest 67 deputies are elected by single candidate territorial constituency according to the administrative and territorial division of the country.
Exclusive powers of Lower Chamber of Parliament of Kazakhstan.
consideration of law drafting;
discussion of republican budget and reports of its execution, amendments to the budget, setting up state taxes and duties;
ratification and denunciation of international treaties of Kazakhstan;
passes the vote of no confidence to the Government;
bring an accusation against the President with high treason;
appointment and discharge from the post by the presentation of the Head of State the Head, the Head deputy, the secretary and the members of Electoral commission of Kazakhstan;
delegating two deputies to Qualification Board of Justice.

Government
The Government of Kazakhstan exercises executive power, heads the system of executive bodies and provides guidance of their activities. The Head of the government is appointed by the President when the candidature of the premier has been approved by the majority of Parliament. Personal composition of the government is appointed by the President by the presentation of candidatures by premier.
Structure and composition of the government of Kazakhstan.
Prime-minister submits for a consideration to the President the structure of the government. The structure of the government is – the Prime-Minister, Vice Prime-Minister, 3 Prime-Minister deputies and 16 ministers.

Judicial power
Judicial power is realized through civil, administrative and penal procedure. Bodies of judicial power are the Supreme Court and inferior courts.
The particularity of Kazakh procedure is the absence of arbitration procedure. Economic disputes are resolved in civil procedure despite of subjects. Courts take the judicial acts in the form of decisions, sentences, determination and orders.
Supreme Court is a high judicial body on civil, penal, economic and other cases jurisdictional to inferior courts, controls their activities and provides clarifications of judicial practice.

Constitutional council
Constitutional council of Kazakhstan has a particular position in the political system of Kazakhstan. Its powers are defined in the article 72 of the Constitution.

Constitutional council decides in the case of dispute the propriety of conduct:
Elections of the President;
Elections of the Parliament deputies;
Republican referendum;
Constitutional council examines:
The conformity of adopted by Parliament laws and signed by the President to the Constitution;
The conformity of the ratifications of international treaties to the Constitution.
Constitutional council provides with:
Official interpretation of the Constitution norms;

The conclusion of the observance of the established constitutional proceedings before Parliament takes a decision about the pre-term discharge from the post of the President, final decision on renouncement from the post of the President.
The final decision of the Constitutional council entries into force from the date when the decision has been taken and is obligatory over all territory of the country irrevocable and without further appeal. Other decision entries into force in the order defined by the Constitutional council.
When the objections of the President cannot be overcome then the decision of the Constitutional council is not accepted and constitutional procedure terminates.

Political parties of Kazakhstan
Agrarian party of Kazakhstan
Civil party of Kazakhstan
The democratic party of Kazakhstan
"Ak zhol"
Republican political party "Otan"
Republican political party "Asar"
Communist national party of Kazakhstan

THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE USA
THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE USA

The political system of the USA
Government
Presidential Republic
50 states, centralized government in Washington
Separation of powers

The political system of the USA
Separation of powers
Executive
(=ausführende Gewalt)
leading the affairs of the state
Cabinet - President - Vice President - 15 ministers
Legislative
(=gesetzgebende Gewalt)
enacting (=erlassen) and discussing laws
Congress - House of Representatives (435) - Senate (100)
Judiciary
(=rechtssprechende Gewalt)
Pushing through the laws
Supreme Court (=highest judicial body)

The political system of the USA
Presidential elections
Plurality voting system: „The winner takes all!“
Election of a party in form of electors
Elected electors represent the opinion of their state in the „Electoral College“
The party with the most votes gets all the electoral votes of this state -> The parties have to look that they win in the states with a high amount of electors.

The political system of the USA
Problem
Parties and candidates try to get as many as possible votes in states with a high amount of electors and ignore the others
The party with more than 270 electoral votes wins, though an other one has more votes of the people in fact (f.e. Bush vs. Gore)

The political system of the USA
George W. Bush
43rd President since 2000
Republican Party
„Compassionate conservatism“ (=mitfühlender Konservatismus)

The political system of the USA
Bush‘s policy
War against terrorism „for God“
No Kyoto Protocol
Mistakes after hurricane Katrina
„Golden Raspberry“ for „Fahrenheit 9/11“

The political system of the USA
Discussion
Compare the government of the USA and Switzerland. What are the similarities and the differences? Which one do you find better?
Discuss about Bush‘s policy. Think about things like death penalty, environment, wars, establishment of Christianity, a.s.o.

(born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. Obama previously served as a United States Senator from Illinois, from January 2005 until he resigned after his election to the presidency in November 2008.
A native of Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was the president of the Harvard Law Review. He was a community organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney in Chicago and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004.
Barack Hussein Obama II