Speak on the historical development

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL FORMS
IN ENGLISH
І
All the new forms which have been included in the ME verb paradigm are analytical forms.
A genuine analytical verb form must consist of several component parts: an auxiliary verb, sometimes two or three auxiliary verbs — which serve as a grammatical marker, and a non-finite form ( the Infinitive or the Participle) which expresses the lexical meaning of the form and serves as a grammatical marker. The analytical form should be idiomatic: its meaning is not equivalent to the sum of meanings of the component parts.

ІІ
The development of these properties is known as the process of grammatization. Some verb phrases, as the Perfect forms have been completely grammatized, – the first components have completely lost their lexical meanings and became pure auxiliaries. Some of them have not been fully grammatized to this day and are not regarded as ideal analytical forms (for instance, the Future tenses).
The analytical way of form-building was a new device, which developed in Late OE and ME. Analytical forms developed from free word groups (phrases, syntactical constructions). The first component of these phrases turned into a grammatical marker, while the second component retained its lexical meaning and acquired a new grammatical value in the compound form.

THE CATEGORY OF TENSE. THE FUTURE TENSE
OE
sculan/willan+Inf. (magan/cunnan+Inf.)
Volition, obligation, possibility
OE Ʒē sculon eft wepan
you have to weep again
OE ic wylle wyrcian
I want to work
ME
shulen/willen+Inf.
Gradually lost their modal meanings in combination
with the Inf. of the notional verb becoming grammar
markers of futurity.The development of these proper-
ties is known as the process grammatization
shulen+Inf. – for all the persons
willen+Inf. - longer preserves its modal meaning
I see that thou wolt heer abyde I see that you want to stay here
ME …tellen shal shall tell
ME …that wol my bane be this will be the death of me shal & wil /wol are deprived of their original modal meaning
In the age of Shakespeare shall and will occurred in free variation :they can express “pure” futurity and
add different shades of modal meanings In the XVII c. will >‘ll and may also stand for shall. The rules about
shall / will regular interchange depending on person were formulated by John Wallis in 1653.

ANALYTICAL FORMS OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
OE ME
Present / Past Subjunctive sholde
Sg. far -e -e Homonymous with the wolde + Inf
Pl. far -en -en forms of the Indicative Mood
But to be
Sg. be were
Pl. ben weren

PERFECT FORMS. CATEGORY OF TIME CORRELATION
OE
beon/habban+P II
OE Ic habbe þā boc Ʒe-written
I have this book written
beon +P II – with intransitive
verbs denoting motion and state
OE He is cumen.
He has come.
habban+P II -with transitive and
intransitive verbs which don’t
denote motion or state
ME
ben/haven/han+P II
1) Remained unchanged in ME and developed into the Objective Participial construction
to have smth. done
2) haven
-lost its lexical meaning
- lost the agreement in Gender, Number
and Case with the preceding noun and
was replaced to the verb forming an
analytical form
have written

CONTINUOUS FORMS. THE CATEGORY OF ASPECT
OE ME
beon+P I -ende ben+on+Verbal noun-inƷ/-enƷ
OE wes ƷānƷende ME he is on huntinge ’він на полюванні’
CNP he is ahuntinge
‘був ходячим’ he is hunting
Fell into disuse in Early ME P I suf. –ind,-end were mixed up with a
verbal noun suf.–inƷ,-enƷ,-unƷ
and accordingly
be+P I & be+on+verbal noun
were confused in 15-16 c.