The physiology of nervous system

Plan
Introduction
Main part
1.Organization of Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
2. Organization of Central Nervous System(CNS)
III. Conclusion
IV. Literature

Organization of
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Sensing
external
environment
Peripheral
Nervous System
Sensory
Sensing
internal
environment
Motor
Autonomic
nervous
System
(involuntary)
Somatic
nervous
System
(voluntary)
Sympathetic
Speeding up
Parasympathetic
slowing down

Autonomic
nervous
System
(involuntary)
Parasympathetic
Slowing down
Sympathetic
Speeding up
Fight or Flight
Rest and Digest
This is a continuation of the previous flow chart

Organization of
Central Nervous System
(CNS)

Forebrain
Hindbrain

Left
Hem.
Right
Hem.
Frontal
Association
Speech
Motor Cortex
Taste
Speech
Reading
Smell
Auditory
Association
Hearing
Vision
Visual
Association
On your notes you need to have the left picture and labels

Nervous Tissue
Glial Cells
90% of CNS
Structural framework
Fatty Myelin sheath
Phagocytosis
Cerebrospinal fluid circulation

Structure of Single Neuron

3 types of Neurons
Sensory Neurons – neurons that carry incoming information from the sense to the CNS
Interneurons – CNS neurons that internally communicate and intervene between
the sensory inputs and motor outputs
Motor Neurons – Carry outgoing information from the CNS to muscle and glands

How do cells detect and respond to
changes in their internal and external
environment to successfully survive
and maintain homeostasis?

Detection of signals from the outside environment or detection of deviation (change) from homeostasis from the internal environment.

2) Integration of multiple signals from outside and inside to produce appropriate response.
BRAIN

3) Response to counteract stimulus being detected.
Draw your own picture to represent RESPONSE

Detection of signals from outside environment or detection of deviation (change) from homeostasis from internal environment.
Integration of multiple signals from outside and inside to produce appropriate response.
Response to counteract stimulus being detected
System builds a Reflex Arc

Sensor Receptor
(Detection)
Sensory Input
Integration
Effector (Response)
Motor Output

DEPOLARIZED = Inside the membrane becomes more positive than outside.
This causes a THRESHOLD to be REACHED and an impulse (ACTION POTENTIAL) begins in the second cell.
After the neurotransmitter relays it message it is rapidly REMOVED or DESTROYED, thus halting its effect.
The molecules of the neurotransmitter may be broken down by ENZYMES, taken up again by the axon terminal and recycled, or they may simply diffuse away.
NERVE GAS prevents enzymes from breaking down neurotransmitters, as a result muscles in the respiratory and nervous system becomes paralyzed.

Chemical Influences
How might stimulants work? (Amphetamines, caffeine, nicotine)
Increase synaptic transmission ? increased energy/mood, decreased appetite.
Increased irritability and anxiety
How might depressants work? (Alcohol, anti-anxiety drugs, heroin)
Inhibition of impulses (blocking receptors of NT
Can result in depression
Animations

NEUROTRANSMITTER is a chemical substance that is used by one neuron to signal another. The impulse is changed from an Electrical Impulse to a Chemical Impulse (Electrochemical Impulses).
Conclusion

Literature
А.М.Маслова,З.И.Вайнтейн,Л.С.Плебейская.Учебник.Москва.ГЭОТАР-Медиа.2013
www.google.ru
Беленкова С.А. Human Body, Shymkent 2010.