Слайд 2The Universe
Only one exists.
Composed of space and 100 billion galaxies.
A galaxy is
![The Universe Only one exists. Composed of space and 100 billion galaxies.](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-1.jpg)
a grouping of millions or billions of stars kept together by gravity.
Edwin Hubble (in 1929) proposed that the Universe is expanding.
a. This is supported by a phenomenon called the Doppler shift.
1) Stars are moving away from Earth and their light
becomes dimmer. This is called the red shift. This gives support of the expanding universe.
2) If stars move toward Earth, we see a blue shift – light becomes brighter.
Слайд 4Theories
A. Creation theory states that the universe was created by God.
![Theories A. Creation theory states that the universe was created by God.](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-3.jpg)
Слайд 5B. The Big Bang theory suggests that the universe began 10 to
![B. The Big Bang theory suggests that the universe began 10 to](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-4.jpg)
20 billion years ago with a gigantic explosion.
Слайд 8Galaxies
Galaxies are classified according to their shape
Spiral galaxies often appear bluish because
![Galaxies Galaxies are classified according to their shape Spiral galaxies often appear](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-7.jpg)
they contain many young stars
a. Young stars give off blue light when they burn
Elliptical galaxies often appear reddish because they contain many old stars
a. Old stars give off red light when they burn
Слайд 9Galaxies, cont.
A large cluster of galaxies is called a supercluster
Our solar system
![Galaxies, cont. A large cluster of galaxies is called a supercluster Our](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-8.jpg)
is inside the galaxy known as the Milky Way
a. The Milky Way is classified as a spiral galaxy
The Milky Way contains interstellar matter that may form new stars
Слайд 12 Milky Way Galaxy
Top View
Side View
![Milky Way Galaxy Top View Side View](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-11.jpg)
Слайд 13Stars
Distances between stars are measured in light-years - the distance that light
![Stars Distances between stars are measured in light-years - the distance that](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-12.jpg)
travels in one earth year.
The closest stars to Earth are 4.3 light-years away.
Properties of stars:
a. They produce their own light.
b. They radiate (give off) these types of energy: heat, electromagnetic and light.
Слайд 14Their surface temperatures are estimated based on their color.
I. Hotter stars glow
![Their surface temperatures are estimated based on their color. I. Hotter stars](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-13.jpg)
with light that is more intense at shorter wavelengths giving them a blue appearance.
Their apparent brightness is dependent on their temperature, distance from earth, and size.
Слайд 153. Properties of stars
They produce their own light
They radiate (give off) these
![3. Properties of stars They produce their own light They radiate (give](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-14.jpg)
types of energy: heat, electromagnetic and light
CJVYTYBZ
Слайд 17Red giant
A star that has low surface temperature and a diameter that
![Red giant A star that has low surface temperature and a diameter](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-16.jpg)
is large relative to the Sun.
Слайд 18Betelgeuse Star in Orion Constellation
![Betelgeuse Star in Orion Constellation](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-17.jpg)
Слайд 19Stars, cont.
Held together by gravitational forces
Hydrogen combines to form helium on stars.
![Stars, cont. Held together by gravitational forces Hydrogen combines to form helium](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-18.jpg)
This is called a fusion reaction and produces energy
Our sun is a typical star.
Слайд 204. The life of a star:
About 90 percent of all stars are
![4. The life of a star: About 90 percent of all stars](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-19.jpg)
in the middle of their life cycles.
A star is born when gas and dust collapse inward.
Supergiant stars form supernovas
Most of the stars in the Milky Way, which are relatively small, will end their lives as white dwarfs.
Слайд 21The Solar System
Copernicus (1473-1543) first proposed that Earth and the other planets
![The Solar System Copernicus (1473-1543) first proposed that Earth and the other](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-20.jpg)
orbit the sun
The orbits of the planet were first said to be elliptical by Kepler (1571-1630)
The brightest object in our sky (besides the sun and the moon) is Venus
Слайд 23The order of the planets are (solid and rocky inner planets) Mercury,
![The order of the planets are (solid and rocky inner planets) Mercury,](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-22.jpg)
Venus, Earth, Mars, and (outer gaseous planets) Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
Слайд 25 I. Mercury is closest to the sun and has very hot temperatures.
II.
![I. Mercury is closest to the sun and has very hot temperatures.](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-24.jpg)
The inner planets and outer planets are separated by an asteroid belt.
III. The great red spot on Jupiter is believed to be a giant storm.
IV. All of the gaseous outer planets have rings.
Слайд 26I. Mercury is closest to the sun and has very hot temperatures.
![I. Mercury is closest to the sun and has very hot temperatures.](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-25.jpg)
Слайд 27 II. The inner planets and outer planets are separated by an asteroid
![II. The inner planets and outer planets are separated by an asteroid belt.](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-26.jpg)
belt.
Слайд 28III. The great red spot on Jupiter is believed to be a
![III. The great red spot on Jupiter is believed to be a giant storm.](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-27.jpg)
giant storm.
Слайд 29IV. All of the gaseous outer planets have rings.
![IV. All of the gaseous outer planets have rings.](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-28.jpg)
Слайд 30V. The most widely accepted model of the formation of the solar
![V. The most widely accepted model of the formation of the solar](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-29.jpg)
system is the nebular model where the solar system condensed out of a nebula – a huge cloud of interstellar gas and dust
- Planets may have formed out of material orbiting the early sun through the process of accretion where small particles collide and stick together to form larger masses.
Слайд 31V. The most widely accepted model of the formation of the solar
![V. The most widely accepted model of the formation of the solar](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-30.jpg)
system is the nebular model where the solar system condensed out of a nebula – a huge cloud of interstellar gas and dust
- Planets may have formed out of material orbiting the early sun through the process of accretion where small particles collide
and stick together to form larger masses.
Слайд 32VI. The Moon
Experiences
phases
determined by
relative positions
of Earth, sun,
and moon
(see page
![VI. The Moon Experiences phases determined by relative positions of Earth, sun,](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/379334/slide-31.jpg)
599 in
the text)
VII. During a
solar eclipse the
moon blocks out
the sun