УЧИСЬ БЫТЬ УСПЕШНЫМ ОРАТОРОМ

Author – Elena I. Grushko
The English Language Department for Science Students
Southern Federal University

CONTENTS:
Preparing the presentation
Performing the presentation
Language
StructureStructure (introductionStructure (introduction, main partStructure (introduction, main part, conclusion)
Questions
Visual aids
Body language
Voice

PREPARING THE PRESENTATION
“ In all things success depends on previous preparation, and without such preparation there is sure to be failure.” - Confucius

WHY –the Purpose of Presentation
to inform the audience about your research subject
to gain some publicity in your professional community
to persuade the audience in the value and novelty of your research
to get experience of public speaking
…………

WHO – the Target Audience
“ Never overestimate an audience’s knowledge, never underestimate their intelligence.” - G.K. Chesterton

AUDIENCE PROFILE

WHO – the PRESENTER
“ Three things matter in a speech; who says it, how it is said, and what is said – and of the three, the last matters least.” – John Morley

Characteristics of a Good Speaker
Confidence
Plenty of eye contact
Good body language
Speaking, not reading
Commanding attention
Speaking with authority

WHAT – Good Organization
allows you to pre-think & plan everything in detail
helps you remember
helps them remember
helps them understand
helps you keep to the point
helps you reduce your nervousness

WHEN – the Right Thing at the Right Time
The best times are:
Tuesday to Thursday
from 10 to 12
If you have choice, avoid:
early mornings
just before lunch
after lunch
end of the day

FEARS – Can Be Helpful
nervousness is natural before a presentation
nerves get the adrenalin running and the mind working
the best presenters are always nervous before a performance, but they can:
control their nerves
get across their message
communicate efficiently with the audience
achieve their purpose

What are the biggest fears
about giving presentations?
stage fright
microphone fright
can forget what to say
not being able to find the right word in English
……

STAGE FRIGHT

REHEARSAL- Helps Overcome Fears
practice your presentation in front of a mirror and record yourself
check timing
keep practicing until you can do it without looking at your notes too much
if possible practice your presentation, standing up in front of a friend or a colleague and ask for a feedback

PERFORMING THE PRESENTATION
“The human brain starts working the moment we are born and never stops until you stand up to speak in public.” - George Jessel

LANGUAGE
“ The person who uses a lot of big words is not trying to inform you; he’s trying to impress you.” – O. Miller

Language – the don’ts & the dos
Don’ts
Limit acronyms & jargon
Avoid complex phrases
Avoid being too formal
Avoid long sentences
Avoid abstract concepts
Dos
Use simple language
Signpost
Use rhetorical questions
Use check-up questions
Summarize

Jargon
Jargon – difficult or strange language which uses words known only to the members of a certain group: computer jargon, the jargon of the advertising business
Jargon develops to quickly express ideas that are frequently discussed between members of a group.
In many cases jargon can cause a barrier to communication as some of its participants may not understand it.

Some examples of acronyms & jargon

SIMPLICITY & CLARITY
use short words and sentences
active verbs are better than passive
prefer concrete words to abstract concepts
illustration

SIMPLICITY versus FORMALITY

SIGNPOSTING

SIGNPOSTING

LANGUAGE SIGNPOSTS
Signposts or discourse markers are the language items, which speakers use to point out the direction in which their argument is heading.
They serve as signals for the meaning and structure of the presentation and help the audience to better understand how ideas are organized.

SIGNPOSTING EXAMPLES

STRUCTURE of the PRESENTATION
“ Tell your audience what you are going to say, say it, then tell the audience what you’ve said.”

INTRODUCTION
Greet the audience
Introduce yourself
Give purpose and main points
Give schedule and regulate questions
Capture interest
Involve them( ask questions, pause until reply)
Quotation
Surprising fact

SCHEDULE & QUESTIONS
Schedule
My presentation/talk/lecture will take/last about 20 minutes.
We’ll be having a coffee break about …
Inviting questions
If anyone has any questions, please feel free to interrupt at any time.
Please stop me at any time if you have any questions.
Discouraging questions
I’ll be happy to answer any questions you have at the end of my presentation.
At the end of my talk, there will be a question and answer session. I would appreciate it if you could keep your questions until then.

MAIN PART
Have 3 or 4 main points (not more)
Take 80 % of the time
Have signposts and summaries
Explain by analogy
Give examples

CONCLUSION
“ Make sure you have finished speaking before your audience has finished listening.”
Dorothy Sarnoff

VISUAL AIDS
Which tools will make your content easier to understand?
well-crafted slides
useful animations
appropriate graphics

VISUAL AIDS
AVOID:
slides cluttered with too much info
poor choices of:
fonts, backgrounds or colors
graphics & animations
transition or sound effects

Until 1917 it was by right considered a city of merchants, being the third in Russia in terms of the size of the external economic commercial commodity circulation.

Dmitry Rostovsky
Dimitry Rostovsky was born in a small town Makarov in 1651, December.
Dimitry became a monk at the age of 17 at Kirillovsky monastery.
Then in 1757 he was canonized for great services for (to) Orthodox Church and his homeland, according to the decision of church Synod.

Some historical dates.
1779. November 14th. Nearby the fortress a town was founded by Armenian settlers. The town was named Nahichevan, that means 'the first stopping-place.
1941. November 21th. German army seized Rostov. The first occupation of our city.
November 29th. Rostov was entirely freed from fascists.
1942. July 23th. The second occupation of the city by fascists.
1943. February 14th. Rostov entirely freed from fascist invaders.
1835. The fortress of Dimitry Rostovsky lost its strategic important.

Education.
South Federal University
Don State Technical University
Rostov is a large centre of science and education in the North Caucasus. There are many educational establishments here: Rostov State University, the Medical and Teacher-Training Universities, the Don State Technical University and some others. There are the great numbers of researching institutes and colleges.

Right body language
Eye contact
A straight posture
Gestures to make additional explanation

Wrong body language