Инолингвокультурный субстрат в англоязычном описании русской культуры

Культуронимы
идионимы ксенонимы
Shakespeare «палата лордов», «Тауэр»
the House of Commons царь, степь, старовер Moscow, tsar, Cossack

Способы образования ИЛКС

Материал исследования

Пример №1. ЗАИМСТВОВАНИЕ
Dedovshchina
It describes a system called dedovshchina, ‘rule of the grandfathers’, which allows second-year conscripts, unsupervised by their superiors, to impose on new recruits ‘a year-long state of pointless servitude . . (p.276)
But too often dedovshchina is condoned or ignored by an officer class... (p.277)

Пример №2. ЛЕКСИЧЕСКОЕ КАЛЬКИРОВАНИЕ
Not a step back (Order 227, Ni Shagu Nazad)
But Stalin had issued Order 227, Ni Shagu Nazad – ‘not a step back’ – which instructed his generals that ‘each position, each metre of Soviet territory must be stubbornly defended, to the last drop of blood’. (p.227) It was his ‘not a step back’ that saved the city from Nazism. (p.231)

Пример №3. ГИБРИДНЫЕ КСЕНОНИМЫ
Optina Pustyn monastery
Early in the morning of 28 October 1910, while Sofya still slept, Tolstoy left the house apparently bound for the Optina Pustyn monastery at Kozelsk, not far from Moscow; his sister, Marya, lived there as a nun at the adjoining convent of Shamardino. (p.134)

Пример №4. АНАЛОГ
Faun
Its forests are said to guard ancient rites and rituals; there are fauns among the fauna; gods and devils in the birches; white witches (as well as black) in the villages... (p.51)

Пример №5. ОПИСАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ОБОРОТЫ
Drying-out hostel
The brash new shopping malls and grand restaurants are the real Russia, as are the beggars and drunks who litter the streets until the police have moved them on or taken them to a drying-out hostel, where they are required to endure the cold-turkey treatment before they are tipped out again to continue where they left off. (p.123)

Пример №6. ГИПОНИМИЯ
Glass
After a further glass of vodka, Anatoly started to talk about himself. (p.96)

Всего ксенонимов: 621
Заимствований: 357
(трансплантировано: 2)
калек: 122 (из них семантических: 2)
гибридных образований: 131
описательных оборотов (самостоятельных): 1
аналогов: 7
гиперонимов: 3