Morphogical Characteristics

INTRODUCTION
Family Bunyaviridae contains more than 300 members. It was first isolated from a place ‘Bunyamwera’ in Uganda, from which the name of virus is derived .
Family Bunyaviridae contains 4 genera.
Bunyavirus (Mosquito-borne)
Phlebovirus (Phlebotomus or mosquito-borne)
Nairovirus (tick-borne)
Hantavirus (Non-arthropod borne)

MORPHOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

REPLICATION

BUNYAVIRUS
1-California EV
2-La crosse EV
3-Chittor virus
VECTOR- Mosquito
HOST- Rodents, primates or birds.
Way of transmission- Bite of vector.
Diseases- Febrile illness, Encephalitis, febrile rashes.
Vaccine- available (Live attenuated)

PHLEBOVIRUS
1- Sandfly FV
2-Rift valley FV
VECTOR- Mosquito / Phlebotomus
HOST- Sheep, cattle, Domestic animals
Way of transmission- Bite of vector.
Diseases- Febrile illness, seizure, Encephalitis, conjunctivitis, myositis.
Vaccine- available (Live attenuated)

NAIROVIRUS
1-Crimean-Congo HFV
2-Ganjam Virus
VECTOR- Ticks
HOST- Hares, cattle, goats.
Way of transmission- Bite of vector.
Diseases- Hemorrhagic fever.
Vaccine- available (Killed)

NAIROVIRUS

HANTAVIRUS
1-Hantaan Virus
2- Korean HFV
VECTOR- None
HOST- Rodents
Way of transmission- by the inhalation of aerosols generated from the urine or feces of the infected rodents.
Diseases- HFRS, Pulmonary edema, Respiratory failure.
Vaccine- available (Killed)
(Developed in Russia)

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
ELISA- for Ab (IgM and IgG) and Ag detection.
RT-PCR
Prevention and Treatment
No specific antiviral therapy. The ‘Ribavirin’
and interferons are given for post-exposure
prophylaxis.
Avoidance and control of vectors
Using the insect repellent
By using active immunization with vaccine.