Neurology. MS, meningitis, encephalitis, incranial & cerebral abscesses, neurosyphilis, CJD

Содержание

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MULTIPLY SCLEROSIS

ЗАГОЛОВОК ПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ

11 февраля 20XX

MULTIPLY SCLEROSIS ЗАГОЛОВОК ПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ 11 февраля 20XX

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MULTIPLY SCLEROSIS

Cause is unknown
It’s linked to:
Genetic: female (20-40 years); genes encoding for

MULTIPLY SCLEROSIS Cause is unknown It’s linked to: Genetic: female (20-40 years);
HLA-DR2
Infections
Vitamin D deficiancy

ЗАГОЛОВОК ПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ

11 февраля 20XX

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MULTIPLY SCLEROSIS

Charcot’s neurologic triad
Dysarthria
Nystagmus
Intension tremor
Specific signs:
Uhthoff’s sign
Lhermitte’s sign

11 февраля 20XX

MULTIPLY SCLEROSIS Charcot’s neurologic triad Dysarthria Nystagmus Intension tremor Specific signs: Uhthoff’s

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LHERMITTE’S SIGN

Electric shock sensation which occurs with neck flexion and often radiates

LHERMITTE’S SIGN Electric shock sensation which occurs with neck flexion and often
down the spine

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MULTIPLY SCLEROSIS

Diagnosis
MRI
Cerebrospinal fluid
Visual evoked potential

ЗАГОЛОВОК ПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ

MULTIPLY SCLEROSIS Diagnosis MRI Cerebrospinal fluid Visual evoked potential ЗАГОЛОВОК ПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ

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MULTIPLY SCLEROSIS

Treatment
RRMS
Corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, intravenous immunoglobulin
Plasmapheresis
Immunosuppressant: recombinant b-IFN
Progressive MS
Manage symptoms
Physical therapy
Cognitive rehabilitation

MULTIPLY SCLEROSIS Treatment RRMS Corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, intravenous immunoglobulin Plasmapheresis Immunosuppressant: recombinant b-IFN
therapy

11 февраля 20XX

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MENINGITIS ENCEPHALITIS MYELITIS

11 февраля 20XX

MENINGITIS ENCEPHALITIS MYELITIS 11 февраля 20XX

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ENCEPHALITIS MYELITIS

Multiply sclerosis

Multiply sclerosis

ENCEPHALITIS MYELITIS Multiply sclerosis Multiply sclerosis

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MENINGITIS

Inflammation triggers
Autoimmune disease
Adverse reaction to medication
Infection

ЗАГОЛОВОК ПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ

11 февраля 20XX

Two ways of spreading
Direct

MENINGITIS Inflammation triggers Autoimmune disease Adverse reaction to medication Infection ЗАГОЛОВОК ПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ
spread
Through overlying skin
Up through nose
Anatomical defect
Hematogenous spread
Through binding to surface receptor
Areas of damage
Vulnerable spot

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CAUSES
Bacteria
Newborns: group B streptococci, E coli, Listeria monocytogenes
Children and teens: Neisseria meningitidis,

CAUSES Bacteria Newborns: group B streptococci, E coli, Listeria monocytogenes Children and
Streptococcus pneumonia
Adults and elderly: Streptococcus pneumonia, Listeria monocytogenes

Tick-borne: Borrelia burgdorferi
Viruses:
Enteroviruses, Herpes simplex, HIV
Mumps, Varicella zoster, Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis
Fungi: Cryptococcus genuses, Coccidioides genuses
Tubercular meningitis
Parasitic cause: Plasmodium falciparum

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SYMPTOMS

Meningitis
Headache, fever, nuchal rigidity
Photophobia and phonophobia
Encephalitis
Fever, altered mental status, seizure or focal

SYMPTOMS Meningitis Headache, fever, nuchal rigidity Photophobia and phonophobia Encephalitis Fever, altered
neurologic symptoms
Myelitis
Flaccid paralysis and sensory loss

11 февраля 20XX

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DIAGNOSIS OF MENINGITIS

11 февраля 20XX

DIAGNOSIS OF MENINGITIS 11 февраля 20XX

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DIAGNOSIS

Lumbar puncture
PCR
Western blot
Thin blood swear

11 февраля 20XX

DIAGNOSIS Lumbar puncture PCR Western blot Thin blood swear 11 февраля 20XX

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TREATMENT

Bacterial: Steroids and antibiotics
Antivirals, antibacterial, antifungals, antiparasitic
Prevention vaccine: Neisseria Meningitidis, Disseminated tuberculosis

11

TREATMENT Bacterial: Steroids and antibiotics Antivirals, antibacterial, antifungals, antiparasitic Prevention vaccine: Neisseria
февраля 20XX

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BRAIN ABSCESS

Direct spread
Cause a single brain abscess
Primary infection include:
Subacute and chronic otitis

BRAIN ABSCESS Direct spread Cause a single brain abscess Primary infection include:
media and mastoiditis (the inferior temporal lobe and cerebellum)
Frontal or ethmoid sinuses and dental infection
(the frontal lobe)

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BRAIN ABSCESS

11 февраля 20XX

Hematogenous spread
Usually multiply abscess
Most commonly located in the distribution

BRAIN ABSCESS 11 февраля 20XX Hematogenous spread Usually multiply abscess Most commonly
of the middle cerebral artery
Sources:
Skin infection, pelvic infection, intraabdominal infection, esophageal dilation, bacterial endocarditis, cyanotic congenital heart disease

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BRAIN ABSCESS

Symptoms
A headache (69% to 70%)
Mental status changes (65%) lethargy progressing

BRAIN ABSCESS Symptoms A headache (69% to 70%) Mental status changes (65%)
to coma is indicative of severe cerebral edema
Focal neurologic deficits (50% to 65%)
Fever (45% to 53%)
Seizures (25% to 35%).
Nausea and vomiting (40%)
Nuchal rigidity (15%)

11 февраля 20XX

Diagnosis
Clinical: focal symptoms and signs
Papilledema
MRI

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BRAIN ABSCESS

Treatment
IV antibiotic: PenG + Chloramphenicol or Metronidazole
For MSSA: Nafcillin or Oxacillin
Surgery

BRAIN ABSCESS Treatment IV antibiotic: PenG + Chloramphenicol or Metronidazole For MSSA:

Aspiration
Glucocorticoids: dexamethasone

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NEUROSYPHILIS

Neurosyphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum
There are different forms of neurosyphilis:
asymptomatic neurosyphilis

NEUROSYPHILIS Neurosyphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum There are different forms of

meningeal neurosyphilis
meningovascular neurosyphilis
general paresis
tabes dorsalis

ЗАГОЛОВОК ПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ

11 февраля 20XX

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NEUROSIPHYLIS

Early

Asymptomatic neurosyphilis
Acute symptomatic syphilitic meningitis: nausea, vomiting, headache, CN 2,4-8 abnormalizes
Meningovascular syphilis
5-6

NEUROSIPHYLIS Early Asymptomatic neurosyphilis Acute symptomatic syphilitic meningitis: nausea, vomiting, headache, CN
years after infection
Focal neurologic signs, vasculitis, stroke, transverse myelitis

Late

Dementia paralytica
10-20 years after infection
Slow cognitive decline, weakness, tremor, pupillary abnormalities, bowel-bladder incontinence
Tabes dorsalis
15-20 years after infection
Radicular paresthesia, “thunder bolt” pain in limbs, back or face; broad-based, foot-slapping gain, loss of reflexes in lower limbs, Argyll-Robertson pupils

ЗАГОЛОВОК ПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ

11 февраля 20XX

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NEUROSYPHILIS

11 февраля 20XX

NEUROSYPHILIS 11 февраля 20XX

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NEUROSYPHILIS

Diagnosis
Serum nontreponemal tests : RPR, VDRL
Nonreactive in late neurosyphilis
Serum treponemal test: FTA-ABS,

NEUROSYPHILIS Diagnosis Serum nontreponemal tests : RPR, VDRL Nonreactive in late neurosyphilis
TPA or syphilis EIA
LP: lymphpcytic pleocytosis
, high protein, low or NM glucose, reactive csf-VDRL

11 февраля 20XX

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NEUROSYPHILIS

Treatment
Aqueous crystalline penicillin G (18 to 24 million units per day, administered

NEUROSYPHILIS Treatment Aqueous crystalline penicillin G (18 to 24 million units per
as 3 to 4 million units intravenous every four hours, or 18 to 24 million units daily as a continuous infusion) for 10 to 14 days, or
Procaine penicillin G (2.4 million units intramuscular [IM] once daily) plus probenecid (500 mg orally four times a day), both for 10 to 14 days
Ceftriaxone 2 g IV daily 10-12 days

ЗАГОЛОВОК ПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ

11 февраля 20XX

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CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE

CJD is a neurodegenerative disease with a rapid onset characterized by

CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE CJD is a neurodegenerative disease with a rapid onset characterized
progressive dementia, myoclonus and also cerebellar, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs.
Abnormal prion protein accumulate in the brain and it can cause irreversible damage. It lead to brain atrophy or wasting; cytoplasmic vacuoles in neurons and astrocytes
Symptoms: fatigue, sleep problems, reduces appetite; dementia, behavior changes and confusion; cerebellar ataxia, aphasia, visual disturbances and motor weakness
Diagnostic: exclude infection and toxicity. Brain biopsy
Treatment: no cure

ЗАГОЛОВОК ПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ

11 февраля 20XX

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CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE

ЗАГОЛОВОК ПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ

11 февраля 20XX

CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE ЗАГОЛОВОК ПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ 11 февраля 20XX
Имя файла: Neurology.-MS,-meningitis,-encephalitis,-incranial-&-cerebral-abscesses,-neurosyphilis,-CJD.pptx
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