Towards a Project between planning and design

«… In different ways, today's project for the city must attempt to return to this inevitable role: not on the basis of a mission granted by no one in particular, and not on the basis of rhetoric militancy, but on a serious and scientific basis regarding the continuous control of scenarios that can contribute to the construction of visions within which different actions and projects can simultaneously find their own legitimacy. Today, planning's true difficulty lies in that state between project, vision and scenario.»
http://www.planum.net/diary-10-projects-visions-scenarios-bernardo-secchi

Diary 10 | Projects, visions, scenarios
PLANUM the Journam of Urbanism
http://www.planum.net/diary-10-projects-visions-scenarios-bernardo-secchi

G. Fini, N. Pezzoni, "The Antwerp Structure Plan. A new planning language for the twenty-first century city", Urbanistica, no.148/2011, pp.90-98.
G. Fini, N. Pezzoni, "Antwerp, 'where it is possible to live together'. An interview with Bernardo Secchi and Paola Viganò", Urbanistica, no.148/2011, pp.98-103

John Friedman
Toward a Non-Euclidian Mode of Planning
Journal of the American Planning Association, Vol. 59, No. 4,
Autumn 1993. © American Planning Association, Chicago

«…In different ways, today's project for the city must attempt to return to this inevitable role: not on the basis of a mission granted by no one in particular, and not on the basis of rhetoric militancy, but on a serious and scientific basis regarding the continuous control of scenarios that can contribute to the construction of visions within which different actions and projects can simultaneously find their own legitimacy. Today, planning's true difficulty lies in that state between project, vision and scenario»

“The engineering model of planning that served us
during this period, with its penchant for advance decision making and blueprinting and its claims of superiority to other forms of decision making because of its scientific character, are thus no longer valid and must be abandoned”

Planning is that professional practice that specifically seeks to connect forms of knowledge with forms of action in the public domain.’

What would be the appropriate time and space of a non-Euclidian form of planning?
The time of such a planning is the real time of everyday events rather than imagined future time

de Certeau, Michel. 1984 (1980) The Practice of Everyday Life, chap. 7, trans. Steven Rendall, University of California Press, Berkeley
Amin, Ash and Thrift, Nigel (2002) 'Cities : reimagining the urban.', Cambridge: Polity Press.
Diener Roger, and Others (2005),Switzerland An urban Portrait, Birkhauser

«This is not to argue that it is altogether futile to imagine
future time or useless to make projections, simulations,
and other hypothetical studies about what might or
ought to happen next year, or five or even fifty years from
now. Human imagination cannot be confined to practical
problem solving in the here and now. Being open to the
future, the mind takes leaps in time. Concern with an
imagined future will continue to play an important role in
planning, but the emphasis in non-Euclidian planning
should be on processes operating in actual or real time,
because it is only in the evanescent and still undecided
present that planners can hope to be effective.»

Winsor McCay – Little Nemo - 1905 -1907

Painting by Jules Guerin for Daniel Burnham's Plan of Chicago, 1909

«As for the space of planning, we need to privilege regional and local over national and transnational space».

«A second reason is the increasing presence of organized civil society in public decision making. This is a relatively new but increasingly salient phenomenon in the public life of cities and regions»

A third reason is that regions and localities are the spaces of people's everyday lives

• The Strategic Project clearly focuses on 6 different meanings (and conceptual field) of “habitability”:
1. RESIDING (stable and temporary)
2. MOVING AND BREATHING
3. SPACE SHARING (public and private)
4. MAKING CULTURE AND USING IT
5. PROMOTING A NEW LOCAL WELFARE
6. INNOVATING AND MAKING
ENTERPRISE

RESIDING
Finding a house, changing and transforming it; stable or temporary residing; being welcomed and welcoming; staying at home and outside, alone and with others.

MOVING AND BREATHING
Free moving with different means, in different directions; comfortable waiting spaces; reducing pollution, making the environment healthier, creating the conditions of better breathing.

SPACES SHARING
Connecting people in places; offering silent spaces and opportunities to slow down; to multiply meeting places and give chances to unexpected practices, to create conditions of natural and green contexts

MAKING CULTURE AND USING IT
Enjoying and being stimulated by various opportunities; To promote quality and culture in various places; To multiply training supply and opportunities to develop learning paths and artistic activities.

PROMOTING A NEW LOCAL WELFARE
To value voluntary actions and practices of solidarity; to favour citizens’ involvement; networking and make more affordable social services; support families to face difficulties.

INNOVATING AND MAKING ENTERPRISE
Being supported in innovation and in creation of new enterprises; building society and territory; to root enterprises, to favour connections with global networks

IBA – Internationale BauAustellung
IBA as framework

Within the new continuum of real time and local
space, a non-Euclidean planning model would have
five characteristics.
It would be
normative,
innovative,
political,
transactive,
based on social learning

Non-Euclidian planning operates in real time by linking knowledge and action into a tightly looped process of strategic change.
Planning entrepreneurs are primarily resource mobilizers who seek to concert public and private energies around innovative solutions to stubborn problems in the public domain. Such planning is orientedto values rather than profit. It is normative in its intent.

Planning Should Be Innovative
Innovative planning looks toward creative solutions to
the social, physical, and environmental problems that rise
to political consciousness in the public domain.
Innovative planning is consequently focused rather than
comprehensive in scope; present rather than future
oriented; and concerned chiefly with institutional and
procedural changes appropriate to the case at hand.
Innovative planning is concerned more with resource
mobilization than with central allocation.

Planning Should Be Political
In non-Euclidean planning, which takes place in real
time, knowledge and action are so tightly looped that they appear not as two separate processes but as one.
Implementation is therefore built into the planning
process as a critical dimension, involving strategy and
tactics designed to overcome resistance to change within
the limits of legality and peaceful practice.

Planning Should Be Transactive
In contemporary planning, two kinds of knowledge are especially pertinent in the search for solutions:
expert and experiential knowledge.
Planners are usually identified with the former; the latter is the uncodified knowledge of people who will be affected by potential solutions. If solutions are to be adequate to a problem, the two must be brought together. Indeed, the definition of the problem may result from linking expert with experiential knowledge in a process of mutual learning.
Because experiential knowledge is not codified, it becomes
manifest primarily through speech. It is in the faceto face transactions between planners and the affected population that a basis in knowledge adequate to the problem can be found.
Transactive planning is situation-specific

Planning Shoul d Be Based on Social Learning
In turbulent times, when little can be foreseen, there is a need to proceed cautiously and experimentally to learn from mistakes, to allow new information to guide the course of action, and to take immediate corrective actions as may be needed.

In non-Euclidian planning, the planner is placed into the center of the activity we call planning as a responsible professional

http://seventeenplaygrounds.com/
Aldo Van Eyck, Liane Lefaivre , Ingeborg De Roode (Edr.) The Playground and the city, 2003

1985 IBA Berlin

1988-2000
IBA Emscherpark
(the opening of a new season of plans)

IBA Ruhr?
The invention of a new mode of regional/local planning ?
IBA Ltd is partecipated by cities, universities, chambers of commerce, professional associations and the environmentalist association world. IBA has a role of coordination and consultancy for extraordinary
projects financed with ordinary lines
(European, Land, Central State, ...) even if conspicuous for those years which are inherently rich.
The underlying philosophy expressed by IBA was: no funding but convergence of investments for qualified and integrated projects based on the assumption that "a good project stimulates the procedural imagination" (Ganser)

The strategy is based on 7 project lines
1: the Emscher landscape park
2: the ecological reorganization of the Emscher hydrological system
3: recovery of the Rhein-Hern canal
4: industrial monuments intended as historical evidence
5: work in the park
6: residential building and neighborhood development, the innovative forms of living
7: new proposals for social and cultural activities

The strategy is based on 7 project lines
1: the Emscher landscape park
2: the ecological reorganization of the Emscher hydrological system
3: recovery of the Rhein-Hern canal
4: industrial monuments intended as historical evidence
5: work in the park
6: residential building and neighborhood development, the innovative forms of living
7: new proposals for social and cultural activities

The strategy is based on 7 project lines
1: the Emscher landscape park
2: the ecological reorganization of the Emscher hydrological system
3: recovery of the Rhein-Hern canal
4: industrial monuments intended as historical evidence
5: work in the park
6: residential building and neighborhood development, the innovative forms of living
7: new proposals for social and cultural activities

The strategy is based on 7 project lines
1: the Emscher landscape park
2: the ecological reorganization of the Emscher hydrological system
3: recovery of the Rhein-Hern canal
4: industrial monuments intended as historical evidence
5: work in the park
6: residential building and neighborhood development, the innovative forms of living
7: new proposals for social and cultural activities

The strategy is based on 7 project lines
1: the Emscher landscape park
2: the ecological reorganization of the Emscher hydrological system
3: recovery of the Rhein-Hern canal
4: industrial monuments intended as historical evidence
5: work in the park
6: residential building and neighborhood development, the innovative forms of living
7: new proposals for social and cultural activities

The strategy is based on 7 project lines
1: the Emscher landscape park
2: the ecological reorganization of the Emscher hydrological system
3: recovery of the Rhein-Hern canal
4: industrial monuments intended as historical evidence
5: work in the park
6: residential building and neighborhood development, the innovative forms of living
7: new proposals for social and cultural activities

The strategy is based on 7 project lines
1: the Emscher landscape park
2: the ecological reorganization of the Emscher hydrological system
3: recovery of the Rhein-Hern canal
4: industrial monuments intended as historical evidence
5: work in the park
6: residential building and neighborhood development, the innovative forms of living
7: new proposals for social and cultural activities

20. Ruhr retrospective

Towards the concept

Memorandum on the Future of International Building Exhibitions
The IBA meets IBA Network has agreed on a Memorandum on the future of International Building Exhibitions. In 2009, the common features that underlie all IBA processes and unite them at high standard were set out in ten recommendations for the implementation of an IBA. Since the IBA have no fixed rules or regulations, the importance of building culture and urban development in the regional, national and international context must be reviewed time and again. In 2017, the IBA Expert Council revised the memorandum and added guidelines on important topics such as organisation, financing and projects.

1
Every IBA focuses on pressing challenges in architecture, urban and regional planning that arise from local and regional problems. IBA are characterised by concentrating future questions of social change on aspects that trigger regional developments and can be influenced by the design of spaces in urban and rural contexts.

2
IBA are more than just architecture exhibitions. They propose social blueprints for future ways of living and provide answers to social problems, not just through the design of buildings, but also through new ways of appropriating urban and rural spaces. It is through the experience of memorable places that the messages of an IBA are made manifest.

3
iBA arise from specific challenges facing urban society: While the central themes of an IBA necessarily are based on occasion and location, their relevance extends far beyond the local context. Every IBA originates from locally or regionally focused initiatives and events that served as stimuli for further programmes, which the IBA in turn refines and formulates as courses of action. Preparatory formal and informal discussions among experts and with the public serve as important tools to help identify and define the topics.

4
IBA strive to develop model solutions for current or future problems in building culture, economy, ecology and society. By demonstrating the relevance of their topics, challenges and concepts at an international scale, they influence the ongoing debate on the future of our cities and regions in the context of wider social developments.

5
All IBA are first and foremost known for their buildings and projects. However, IBA draw attention not only to the buildings, but also to the conditions in which they were created and the quality of the processes that contributed to them. Through the development of instruments and formats, every IBA aims to contribute to a new culture of planning and building that manifests itself in a spirit of cooperation and in the interplay of the quality of the process and its result.

6
IBA must be created in an international dimension from the outset. A building exhibition is made international by the international relevance of its central topics and the resulting model projects, by the involvement of external experts and outstanding contributions from abroad, as well as through international public relations and networking.

7
The concentration of intellectual, artistic and financial resources over a limited period of time makes IBA a unique temporary microcosm. They are experimental research and development laboratories in which intense collaboration between experts and those affected as well as with their experiences and successes can encourage projects elsewhere, have a lasting impact on local planning practices and stimulate personal involvement.

8
IBA require the courage to take risks. They are experiments with open outcomes and, at times, generate new ideas through the means of provocation which may cause contradiction. Contentious issues and productive controversies are important aspects of planning culture. All stakeholders – especially administration and politics as well as the public – must be made aware of this from the outset to enable initiatives to step outside the realms of standard practice and to generate widespread interest in their projects.

9
Every IBA needs sufficient autonomy and appropriate organisational forms to bring about exemplary and generalisable solutions that have the potential to be compelling models. In place of established processes and proven courses of action, IBA need imaginative programmes, designs and organisational approaches coupled with a degree of improvisation and the agility to respond quickly to unforeseen events.

10
IBA need to share their themes, ideas, projects and images of their built results. They are a forum and a stage for their participants to present their contributions and commitment to a national and international audience. Modern communication and presentation strategies are essential for their success. Each IBA must use and develop the latest, most effective communication forms, formats and channels.

Towards the concept
--
Towards the project

To outline the concept In the next few days and within the next week? (Monday) you must submit a poster that contains.
- A definition of the main "theme" to be dealt with (for example, but only for example, "new tourism. Reform of the places and times of tourism", "Alpine Industry: reorganization of production and crafts in the valley plain", "Living and services: polycentric settlement in the valley floor "," the changing landscape and milk for all: new wilderness and agroforestry "... many possible themes emerge from your reports. The theme is linked to some issues (of general and public interest) such as the management of social and settlement changes that will affect the mountains, the right and access to natural heritage vs their conservation, the right to use scarce resources vs elite tourism as a source of resources for conservation, sustainability of ski use of mountains for the few with resources of many (water, soil, etc.)
A territorial scheme that represents it. The scheme can be diagrammatic, not necessarily precise from a cartographic point of view, however significant from a topological point of view, that is of the relationships between elements, selective (the less it says the better it says, like any verbal discourse)
- A set of places that exemplify it: they must be examples

IBA Programs as framework
https://www.internationale-bauausstellungen.de/en/

IBA Furst Pukler Muskau Stadt

IBA Stadtumbau Sachsen Anhalt

IBA Basel (Dreiland)
https://www.iba-basel.net/de/projects/projects-index/2/3land