Area Studies. An overview of the British history. Lecture # 2

Content:
I. Prehistoric times to Roman invasion
1.Stone age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic), Bronze age, early Iron age: Celtic Britain
2. Roman conquest. Britain as a province of the Roman Empire.
II. Britain in the middle ages (V – late XV century).)
1. The early middle ages: Anglo-Saxon period, the Vikings
2. Medieval England:
2.1. The Norman conquest, the strengthening of the feudal system,
2. 2. Development of a class-representative monarchy in England.
2.3. England in the 15th century: the Hundred years ' war, the war of the roses

III. England in the XVI -XIX centuries.
1. Henry VIII and the Royal reformation
2. The reign of Elizabeth I and the Tudor era of the English Renaissance
3. The English bourgeois revolution of the 17th century. Cromwell's protectorate and the restoration of the monarchy.
4. England at the end of the XVII - XVIII centuries: the triumph of landlords, colonial expansion.
5. Great Britain (1815-1850): the chartist movement, the Victorian era
6. England in the last third of the XIX century: economic development.
IV. Great Britain in the XX century.
1. The first world war.
2. British society between the two wars, the Great Depression
3. Second world war in the history of great Britain
4. Great Britain in the second half of the XX century.
V. Great Britain in the modern world: the beginning of the XXI century.

I. 1.Stone age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic), Bronze age, early Iron age: Celtic Britain
Before the middle of the first century BC.
Stonehenge and Avebury (Bronze age, 2300, 2000),

Celtic tribes (Britons, Saxons, Picts)
700 BC-1st century AD
Military alliances
Tribal centers (Londinium)

2. Roman invasion
55 BC - 410 AD)
55-54 - Caesar's "visits"
53 BC – 43 AD – strengthening of Roman influence
75 to 77, Julius Agricola as Governor
167-324 Christianization of Britain (Roman Emperor - Constantine)
411 – end of Roman rule "thanks" to the invasion of the Goths (Barbarians) and the execution of Constantine

Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar) (12.06.100 BC - 15.03.44 BC) - Roman statesman and politician, commander, writer. Caesar's work radically changed the cultural and political image of Western Europe and left an indelible mark on the lives of future generations of Europeans.

II. Britain in the Middle ages (V – end of XV century) Early middle ages: Anglo-Saxon conquest, Viking raids.
Raids of Scandinavian (from the end of the 4th century) and Germanic tribes (Angles, Saxons, Britons) (5-7 centuries.)

The first British Kingdoms (529-937)
Formation of the heptarchy - 5th-9th centuries. (Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Sussex, Kent, Wessex)
Christianization + religious struggle with the Roman Catholic Church
VIIth century – the emergence of Old English writing

Scandinavian and Norman raids (688-1066)
Viking raids(802 - 898), their adoption of Christianity (865)
Alfred the Great and the Vikings (878) – peace and partition of England
Norman raids (from the end of the eighth century))
The middle of the IX cent. - unification of Anglo-Saxon lands (Edward The Confessor), battle of Hastings.

2. The era of the middle ages:2.1. The Norman conquest, the strengthening of the feudal system,
1066 - William The Conqueror
the feudal system (Edward I)
Henry II - 1154 (the Plantagenet dynasty)
"Clarendon regulations»
Struggle for power

2. 2. Development of a class-representative monarchy in England.
John 2 (Lackland) -1199
1263-1267 – Civil War, Magna Carta (1215), 1265 – first Parliament
Plague, One Hundred Years' war with France (1330-1435), Religious wars
"The War of Roses" - finished in 1485 (Henry VII Tudor)

Conclusions:
Make-up of the English nation
Including English language
Feudalization of the country
Centralized state
Strong Royal power

III. England in the period from XVI to XIX centuries
Henry VIII and the Royal Reformation (1509-1547)
Many executions (Thomas Moore, Lord Chancellors and wives of Henry VIII)
Split with Rome (the king's supremacy over the Church of England)

The Reign Of Elizabeth I(1533-1603)
«Golden age»
Flourishing art
geographical discoveries
Victory over the “Unconquerable Armada” (1588)
Elizabeth's charisma and dedication to her country

Reformation and Restoration(1646-1689)
The reign of the Tudors, the dissolution of the monasteries and religious strife
Union of England and Scotland (1707),
the overthrow (1649)
and the restoration of the monarchy (1660).

The British Empire (1689-1901) Victorian era (1837-1901)
Bill of rights (restrictions on the monarchy),
war for the colonies, expansion of the Empire (the reign of Queen Victoria)
industrial revolution, scientific discoveries, development of art and literature

Great Britain during World War I
1899-1902: war for the colonies in South Africa
Loss of industrial superiority, joining the "Entente»
1914-1918 - World War I, Imperial war for the division of the world (colonies in Asia and Africa)

United Kingdom between the two wars
Aggravation of the Irish issue, Declaration of independence by Ireland (1921)
The Great Depression (stagnation of production, financial crisis)

Great Britain in World War II
1939 – entry into the war against Nazi Germany
1940 – German air raids
anti-Hitler coalition
June 6, 1944 - second front
Losses – 300,000 people.
W. Churchill as a prominent political figure

Great Britain and the Commonwealth of Nations
National self-determination movement - the collapse of BE
50s-60s. XX century – colonies become independent states
1931 – the British Commonwealth of Nations
1946 – Commonwealth of Nations
53 sovereign States

Modern Britain
1979 - 1990 – politics of M. Thatcher
The Irish question (IRA)
Cooperation with the EU and Brexit
1973 – joining the EEC
2016 – referendum (51.9 % for)
June 27, 2018 The "EU withdrawal bill" became law
March 2019. - leaving the EU